사격선(TV 프로그램)

Firing Line (TV program)
사격선
Firing Line title.jpg
사격선 첫 시즌의 타이틀 화면
로도 알려져 있다.윌리엄 F의 사격선버클리 주니어
장르.토크쇼
연출자워런 스티벨
제시자윌리엄 F. 버클리 주니어(1966~1999)
마거릿 후버(2018–현재)
테마 음악 작곡가요한 세바스티안 바흐
오프닝 테마브란덴부르크 협주곡 F장조 2번, 제3악장(알레그로 아사이)
원산지미국
원어영어
No. 계절의34
No. 에피소드의1,504회( 에피소드 목록)
생산
러닝타임60분(시간대-시간대
30분 (2011년–2018년–현재)
120분(특집, 1978–1950)
제작사WOR-TV (1966–1971)
SCETV(1971–1999)
WNET(2018-현재)
해제
원본 네트워크퍼스트런 신디케이션 (1966–1971)
PBS(1971–1999, 2018년 6월 22일–현재)
오리지널 릴리즈1966년 4월 4일 (1966-04-04) –
1999년 12월 26일 (1999-12-26)
연대기
관련 프로그램마가렛 후버와의 사격선

'사격선'은 보수적인 작가 겸 칼럼니스트 윌리엄 F가 창간하고 주최하는 미국의 공보쇼다. 1966년부터 1999년까지 버클리 주니어가 진행자 마가렛 후버와 함께 2018년에 다시 시작했다.[1]

버클리 밑에서 33년 동안 1,504회의 에피소드가 방영되면서, '소화선'은 단일 진행자로 텔레비전 역사상 가장 오래 방영된 공적인 쇼가 되었다.미국의 유력 공인들이 대거 출연한 이 프로그램은 1969년 에미상을 수상했다.[2][3]

방송 이력

1985년 오리지널 호스트 버클리

사격선은 1966년 4월 4일 뉴욕 WOR-TV에서 방영한 상업용 텔레비전의 1시간짜리 쇼(휴식 포함)로 시작되었다.[4]이 프로그램은 소규모의 "고브라우드" 인구 통계 그룹에 대한 호소력 때문에 주로 주말 오후나 심야 시간대에 방영되었다.[5][6]

1971년, South Carolina Education Television의 계열사인 Southern Education Communications Association의 후원으로 Sunching Line이 공영방송(PBS)으로 이전하였다.PBS가 다른 프로그램에서 비자유주의적 관점을 부당하게 차별했다는 많은 보수주의자들의 평판을 볼 때 이것은 다소 이례적이었다.그러나 SECA/SCETV는 당시 보수 운동에 동조했던 극소수의 공영방송 주체의 하나였다.게다가, 이 프로그램은 이미 여러 해 동안 다수의 개인 PBS(그리고 그 전신인 National Education Television) 방송국들에 의해 진행되어 왔다.[7][8]

이 프로그램은 1970년대 초 PBS의 스케줄에서 비교적 불리한 일요일 저녁 시간대를 받았기 때문에 버클리와 오랜 감독인 워런 스티벨은 잠깐 동안 점화선을 상업용 TV로 되돌리려고 시도했지만 스폰서를 찾을 수 없었다.따라서 이 프로그램은 1999년 12월 17일 버클리와 스티벨이 생산을 중단할 때까지 PBS에 남아있을 것이며, 버클리의 마지막 에피소드는 1999년 12월 26일에 방영되었다.[7][9]

2018년 4월, PBS는 마가렛 후버가 진행하는 새로운 점화 라인 방송을 시작한다고 발표했다.[10]

버클리 테뉴어

형식 표시

비록 그 프로그램의 형식은 몇 년 동안 다양했지만, 그것은 전형적으로 버클리가 작은 스튜디오 관객들 앞에 함께 앉아 손님과 인터뷰를 하고 의견을 교환하는 것을 특징으로 했다.스튜디오에 서있거나 더 멀리 앉아있으면, 전형적으로 진보주의자인 "엑시머"는 일반적으로 쇼가 끝날 무렵에 질문을 할 것이다.대부분의 내빈들은 지식인이나 권력의 지위에 있는 사람들이었고, 정치, 종교, 문학, 학계의 분야에서 두드러졌다.그들의 견해는 극명하게 대조되거나 버클리의 견해와 강하게 일치할 수 있다.[11]

버클리의 재능과 선호를 반영하듯, 의견 교환은 거의 언제나 공손했고, 손님들에게는 긴 시간 동안 질문에 대답할 수 있는 시간이 주어져 프로그램에 여유로운 페이스를 선사했다.심사관으로 자주 등장한 제프 그린필드에 따르면 "이 쇼는 지극히 높은 수준에서 이슈와 아이디어를 한가롭게 검토하는 데 전념했다"고 한다.존 케네스 갈브레이스는 이 프로그램에 대해 "포화선은 당신을 심문하는 남자의 실수를 고칠 기회가 있는 드문 경우 중 하나"[12]라고 말했다.

이 쇼는 다른 전국적인 공개 인터뷰 쇼, 특히 리차드 헤프너, 찰리 로즈 또는 테리 그로스 주최의 쇼와 공손함과 담론의 스타일로 비교될 수 있지만, 버클리는 분명히 토론에 관심이 있었다.1999년 Weekly Standard 편집자 윌리엄 크리스톨은 Salon.com 기사에서 버클리의 이 쇼에 대한 접근법을 요약했다: "버클리는 단지 설교만 하지 말고 토론해야 한다고 정말로 믿으며, 이는 물론 누군가가 토론에서 당신을 이길 가능성을 무릅쓴다는 것을 의미한다."[13]톰 울프는 인터뷰 진행자가 자신의 저서 '반란의 모닥불'에 독창적인 통찰력이 있는지 묻는 질문에 대해 "버클리는 친절한 손님들의 거친 질문도 마다하지 않았다"고 말했다.[14]

버클리와 그의 프로듀서인 워렌 스티벨은 이 쇼에 추가적인 관점을 가져오기 위해 수년에 걸쳐 다양한 방법을 사용했다.초기에는 질문자들로 구성된 패널이 종종 있을 것이다.1977년 패널은 절차에서 더 큰 역할을 한 "examiner"로 대체되었다.제프 그린필드, 마이클 킨슬리, 해리엇 필펠, 마크 J. 그린이 가장 자주 등장하는 등 심사 위원들이 다양했다.1988년 쇼가 30분으로 단축되면서 심사관의 역할은 없어졌지만, 형식적인 토론에서 진행자의 역할과 비슷한 진행자가 나오는 경우가 많았다.진행자는 호스트와 게스트를 모두 소개한 후, 오프닝 질문을 한다.[15]

1978년부터 정규 방송사들 사이에 가끔 특집방송과 2시간 동안 격론토론이 오갔으며, 개회 성명, 대질신문, 폐회 성명 등이 있었다.1988년 버클리의 요청으로 정규 프로그램 쇼의 진행 시간이 1시간에서 30분으로 단축되었다.1993년 3월부터 2시간 동안 진행되는 공식 토론에는 참가자들 대부분이 혹은 모두가 비공식적인 토론을 하는 30분짜리 쇼가 뒤따르는 경우가 많았다.1980년대와 1990년대에는 PBS 공약 추진이 마무리된 후 월요일 저녁에 토론회가 자주 방송되었다.

버클리가 1981년부터 매년 크리스마스마다 재방송을 했던 에피소드는 영국 서섹스에 있는 자신의 집에서 말콤 머거리지와 했던 인터뷰였다.이 에피소드의 제목은 "어떻게 하면 믿음을 찾을 수 있을까?"였다.이 에피소드는 자연 속에서 종교적이고 영적인 질문을 다룬다.[16]

버클리의 페르소나

버클리의 독특한 매너리즘은 프로그램에 의해 두드러지게 보여졌고 쇼와 버클리의 대중적인 이미지의 일부였다.버클리는 종종 의자에 기대어 앉아 입가 가까이에 펜을 놓고 손에 클립보드를 들고 있는 모습이 보였다.그의 깜박이는 혀, 넓어진 눈, 번뜩이는 미소도 그의 문체를 특징지었으며, 다음절 어휘도 그러했다.버클리의 목소리는 널리 풍자되었는데, 예를 들어 로빈 윌리엄스가 토요일 밤 라이브와 애니메이션 영화 알라딘에서 그러했다.[17][18]

버클리는 손님들에게 공손한 대접을 받는 것과 동시에, 특히 존 케네스 갈브레이스나 심사관 마크 J. 그린과 마찬가지로 그들을 부드럽게 조롱할지도 모른다 "몇 년 동안 거의 100번 가까이 쇼에 나갔구나." 버클리가 그린에게 물었다. "말해봐, 마크, 아직 아무것도 못 배웠어?"[19]알렌 긴즈버그가 크리슈나를 찬양하는 노래를 부를 수 있냐고 묻자 버클리가 응수했고 시인은 하모니움 위에서 애절하게 연주하면서 "헤어 크리슈나"를 반복적으로 외쳤다.버클리의 동료인 리차드 브룩하이저에 따르면 사회자는 "내가 들어본 것 중 가장 해로운 크리슈나"라고 평했다.[20]

버클리의 유명한 예의범절은 때때로 얇아졌다.언어학자 겸 정치 운동가 노암 촘스키와 함께 한 1969년 토론에서 버클리는 "베트남 문제에 대해 논쟁하려는 당신의 성향에 기뻐하며, 특히 이것이 어떤 자기 통제 행위가 수반되어야 하는지를 내가 인식할 때 더욱 그렇다"고 말했다.촘스키는 "가끔은 화를 내기도 한다.오늘밤은 아닐지도 몰라." "오늘 밤은 아닐지도 몰라." 버클리가 말했다.[21] (이 발언은 버클리가 고어 비달에 대해 유명한 반응을 보인 것에 대해 농담으로 되받아친 말인데, 베트남의 또 다른 토론에서 비달은 버클리를 "크립토-나치"라고 불렀다.)[22]

버클리는 손님들에게 "Mr." 또는 "Mrs."라고 말했다.그는 마가렛 대처가 자신을 "빌"이라고 불렀다고 생각했기 때문에 그를 "마가렛"이라고 부른 적이 있다"고 말한 적이 있다.그는 나중에 이 녹취록을 보고 그녀가 입법안을 언급했다는 것을 알고 당황했다.그는 즉시 총리에게 사과 편지를 썼다.[23]

1981년 이 쇼의 15주년을 맞아, 대니얼 패트릭 모이니한, 버논 조던, 헨리 키신저, 루이 아우친클로스는 뉴욕 요트 클럽에서 버클리를 위한 파티를 주재했다.[24]

손님들

이 프로그램의 주요 게스트는 다음과 같다.

후버 테뉴어

후버(2011년 사진)는 2018년 사회자가 됐다.

리바이벌

마가렛 후버는 현재 PBS에서 포스팅 라인 재부팅의 진행자다.[3][26]이 쇼는 2018년 6월 2일 뉴욕 메트로폴리탄 지역에 서비스를 제공하는 WNET에서 초연되었으며, 국내 최대 규모의 PBS 시장이다.[27][28][29]이 쇼는 26분간의 런타임 내에 하나의 이슈에 대해 한 명의 게스트와 깊은 아이디어를 교환하는 원래의 형식을 유지하고 있다.WNET 티슈 스튜디오에서 매주 제작된다.[30][27]

에피소드

114개 에피소드의 손님들 사회 정치적 이데올로기의 의장은 폴 라이언의 오하이오 주 지사 존 Kasich 언론인인 그레첸 칼슨 상원 의원 제프 Merkley,"정치적 좌파의 떠오르는 스타", 알렉산드리아 Ocasio-Cortez,[31일]와 '보수 moveme의 우발적인 아이콘 등 다양한 나타내는 선 보였다.nt",조던 [32][33]피터슨마가렛 후버의 알렉산드리아 오카시오코르테즈와의 인터뷰는 자본주의의 상태와 미국의 실업률에서 이스라엘에 이르는 후자의 발언으로 국내외의 주목을 받았으며, 이는 당시 오카시오코르테즈의 비웃음을 샀다.[34][35][36][37]크리스 크리스티 전 뉴저지 주지사는 재러드 쿠슈너의 아버지가 저지른 범죄를 '혐오'[38]로 지칭하는 인터뷰를 했다.톰 코튼 아칸소주 상원의원은 인터뷰에서 미국이 이란을 2스트라이크(two strike)로 이길 수 있다고 선언했다.첫 스트라이크와 마지막 스트라이크."[39]

리셉션

뉴욕타임스는 "후버 여사의 지시에 따라 담론은 민간적이고 실질적인 것"[40]이라고 썼다.내셔널 리뷰의 쇼에 대한 리뷰에는 "사격선의 환생은 흥미로운 시기에, 그리고 필요한 때에 온다"[41]라고 쓰여 있다.이 쇼의 텔레비전 시사회인 폴리티코는 CNN 뉴스룸에서 마가렛 후버와 함께 하는 사격선이 "내 집에서 텔레비전을 예약하고 있다"고 말했다.[42][43]후버는 Good Morning America, The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, Real Time with Bill Maher를 포함한 Fireing Line 리부트 TV에 여러 번 출연했다.[44][45][46]

후버는 2019년 5월 알제마이너 저널로부터 사회자로서의 업적으로 올해의 언론인상을 받았다.[47]

손님들

테마 음악

1971년 프로그램의 공영 TV로의 이동을 시작으로, 사격선의 주제음악은 요한 세바스티안 바흐의 F장조, 제3악장(알레그로 아사이)의 브란덴부르크 협주곡 2번이었다.

해제

스탠퍼드대 후버연구소 도서관과 아카이브가 DVD로 다수 공개했으며, Amazon.com을 통해 독점 판매되고 있어 아마존비디오를 통해서도 에피소드를 접할 수 있다.뿐만 아니라, 후버 아카이브는 조금 더 높은 가격으로 웹사이트를 통해 미공개 에피소드를 DVD로 공급할 예정이다.연도별 재생목록과 관련된 에피소드는 현재 유튜브에서 볼 수 있다.

디지털화된 시청각 녹음과 1,500개 이상의 점화 라인 에피소드들이 스탠포드 대학교 후버 기관 도서관 및 기록 보관소의 외부 링크를 통해 미국 공영 방송[48] 보관소에 기여했다.[49]

참조

  1. ^ Simon, Scott (June 9, 2018). "William F. Buckley's 'Firing Line' Returns With Margaret Hoover". NPR. Retrieved December 23, 2018. Firing Line with William F. Buckley Jr. ran for over 33 years, mostly on public television. He was the most glittering conservative in America. And he interviewed, yes, other conservatives such as Goldwater, Reagan, Thatcher and Kissinger but also people on the left including Noam Chomsky, Dr. Spock, the Reverend Jesse Jackson and some names that might surprise you - Allen Ginsberg, Groucho, Marx, Muhammad Ali.
  2. ^ "Primetime Emmy Awards - 1969". IMDb. Retrieved December 23, 2018. Special Classification Achievements - Programs
  3. ^ a b "Register of the Firing Line (Television Program) broadcast records". Online Archives of California. Retrieved November 25, 2018. With 1,505 installments over 33 years, Firing Line is the longest-running public-affairs show with a single host, William F. Buckley Jr., in television history.
  4. ^ "Longtime Firing Line host William F. Buckley Jr. Dies". Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. March 1, 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2018. When Firing Line began in 1966 it was on commercial television, syndicated from New York's WOR-TV. After 240 episodes the show moved to public television in 1971, where it remained a PBS staple until Buckley decided to close down the show in 1999.
  5. ^ Ferguson, Andrew (March 10, 2008). "On the 'Firing Line'". The Weekly Standard. Retrieved December 23, 2018. The show by then was an anachronism, both in its format and its ambition. Firing Line was a creature of the middlebrow--that long-gone impulse of the mid-20th century popular culture that tried to orient a mass audience toward learning, intellectual sophistication, and cultural uplift. The airwaves were filled with middlebrow fare, in between showings of Leave it to Beaver and The $64,000 Question. A lot of middlebrow stuff was dopey--try, if you dare, to watch such earnest, humorless teleplays as 12 Angry Men all the way through. Some of it proved provocative in conception and deadly in execution--the TV host David Susskind once had a weekly show called Open End, in which he would convene a panel of guests and engage them in conversation for several hours, with no set time limit, till everyone got bored and stopped talking. But a lot of the middlebrow was wonderful, reflecting a high, if implausible, opinion of the public's taste and aspirations.
  6. ^ Hendershot, Heather (June 1, 2018). "Is America Ready for Kinder, Gentler Political TV?". Politico. Retrieved December 23, 2018. On Firing Line, Buckley staked a claim for witty, urbane, sophisticated conservatism.
  7. ^ a b Pedersen, Erik; de Moraes, Lisa (February 28, 2018). "PBS Announces Conservative Talk Show As Trump Administration Mulls Whacking Pubcaster's Funding". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved December 23, 2018. The notion of a conservative-oriented talk show on PBS takes its cue from William F. Buckley's Firing Line, which aired on the pubcaster from 1971-99. That series being carried by PBS was somewhat unusual, given the reputation among many conservatives that the pubcaster unfairly discriminated against non-liberal viewpoints in its other programming. But it started in 1966 on SECA/SCETV, which was one of the very few public broadcasting entities of that time that was sympathetic to the conservative movement. Because the program received a relatively unfavorable Sunday evening timeslot on PBS's schedule in the early 1970s, Buckley and Steibel briefly attempted to return Firing Line to commercial TV but could not find sponsors. PBS aired its final episode on December 26, 1999.
  8. ^ "Register of the Firing Line (Television Program) broadcast records". Online Archive of California. Retrieved December 23, 2018. In 1971, under the auspices of the Southern Educational Communications Association (SECA), it moved to public television and became a full hour. This move is reflected in a numbering change in the programs: shows numbered 1 through 240 were on commercial television; the SECA series then begins with s0001, taped on May 26, 1971. The WOR shows were numbered according to the order in which they were taped; the SECA shows were numbered according to the order in which they were first broadcast. In 1988 the length of the regular shows was changed to a half-hour.
  9. ^ Ferguson, Andrew (December 27, 1999). "All Quiet on the Firing Line: William F. Buckley Jr". Time. Retrieved February 11, 2022. On a bleak afternoon last week, in a dim little TV studio in lower Manhattan, Firing Line finally ran out of ammunition. Hosted for 33 years by the conservative intellectual William F. Buckley Jr., the show taped its final installment, which will air on PBS stations the week of Dec. 26. Blue and white balloons had been set out to leaven the gloom, as had a panel of younger pundits, including Michael Kinsley and William Kristol. Their conversation was unhurried and intelligent, as it always is on Firing Line. Watching it all, you couldn't help thinking that something more than a TV show was passing away.
  10. ^ "'Firing Line': PBS Reloads Public-Affairs Show With Host Margaret Hoover". Deadline Hollywood. April 26, 2018.
  11. ^ Konigsberg, Erik (February 29, 2008). "On TV, Buckley Led Urbane Debating Club". The New York Times. Retrieved December 23, 2018. 'The show was devoted to a leisurely examination of issues and ideas at an extremely high level,' said Jeff Greenfield of CBS News, another pundit who frequently debated Mr. Buckley on the program. 'It's not at all like what you see now, where everybody says, "Who won the week?" or "On a scale of 1 to 10, rate Hillary's chances."' 'Over 33 years, the list of guests on "Firing Line" was impressive and very much bipartisan: Margaret Thatcher, Ronald Reagan, Clare Boothe Luce and Henry A. Kissinger on the right. Muhammad Ali, the Rev. Jesse L. Jackson, Jimmy Carter and William M. Kunstler on the left. There were also, of course, people who, by dint of political or personal conviction, would not appear on "Firing Line."'
  12. ^ Konigsberg, Erik (February 29, 2008). "On TV, Buckley Led Urbane Debating Club". The New York Times. Retrieved December 23, 2018. '"Firing Line" is one of the rare occasions when you have a chance to correct the errors of the man who's interrogating you,' John Kenneth Galbraith said that night.
  13. ^ Lehman, Susan (January 7, 1999). "Firing Line Ceases Fire". Salon.com. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved December 23, 2018. 'Firing Line' was the prototype for all subsequent point-counterpoint shows, and viewers of different political stripes laud Buckley's ecumenical inclinations. 'Buckley really believes that in order to convince, you have to debate and not just preach, which of course means risking the possibility that someone will beat you in debate,' says Weekly Standard editor Bill Kristol, adding that 'not that many people could beat Buckley, of course.' Kristol and others note that while 'Firing Line' was one of Buckley's ways of introducing conservative ideas to a broad audience, he went out of his way to include other points of view. Michael Kinsley, for example, was a longtime 'Firing Line' panelist. Buckley loyalists and detractors alike note that, after 34 years, the show had begun to run out of steam. Victor Navasky, Nation editor and natural Buckley adversary, says he wishes he could say, '"It's about time." But I'll miss "Firing Line."' What will he miss? 'Buckley's raised eyebrow, his sneering tone and his predictable, and sometimes eloquent, statements of his Neanderthal perspective.'
  14. ^ Konigsberg, Erik (February 29, 2008). "On TV, Buckley Led Urbane Debating Club". The New York Times. Retrieved December 23, 2018. Tom Wolfe praised Mr. Buckley somewhat ruefully for being a tough interrogator, 'even though we agreed on so many things.' Take, for instance, the time when Mr. Wolfe's first novel, 'The Bonfire of the Vanities,' was published in 1987. 'I was waiting for that softball down the middle, and he said something like, "So, do you think there are any original insights in this book?"' Mr. Wolfe said. 'So I said, "Oh, of course." And he said, "I don't see that at all. There's been moral turpitude forever. So what on earth is new about this?" Mr. Wolfe said he got a kick out of his friend's accent. 'I always thought of it as a mid-Atlantic accent,' he went on. 'But if you actually listened to it, his got all the way across the Atlantic.'
  15. ^ "Register of the Firing Line (Television Program) broadcast records". Online Archive of California. Retrieved December 23, 2018. Over the years, Buckley and his producer, Warren Steibel, used various methods of bringing an extra perspective to the discussion. In the early years there would often be a panel of three questioners--sometimes students, sometimes adults. Starting in 1977, there would often be a single 'examiner,' who would play a larger part in the proceedings than the panel of questioners had typically done. The examiners who appeared most frequently were Jeff Greenfield, Michael Kinsley, Harriet Pilpel, and Mark Green. In 1988, when the show went to half an hour, the examiner was eliminated, but there was often a 'moderator,' whose role was similar to that of the moderator in a formal debate. The moderator would introduce both host and guest, and then ask the opening question. The moderator appearing most frequently was Michael Kinsley. Some early programs included a person called a 'chairman,' who functioned like a moderator. Beginning with show 171, in October of 1969, approximately twice a year the tables would be turned, with a panel of questioners putting Buckley 'on the firing line.' Source: Preface to the program catalogue compiled by Firing Line staff member Linda Bridges
  16. ^ Fowler, Jack (December 25, 2015). "A Buckley Christmas Tradition". National Review. Retrieved December 23, 2018. Bill's acclaimed program, Firing Line, had a delightful Christmas tradition: to rerun his wonderful 1981 interview with Malcolm Muggeridge on 'How Does One Find Faith?' After you digest your figgy pudding, we recommend you take a few minutes to watch this clip from the program. Albeit brief, you are sure to enjoy seeing two giant conservative intellects discussing faith.
  17. ^ Matlow, Orli (July 30, 2015). "Pop Culture References In 'Aladdin' That Are Sooooooo Outdated Now". Bustle. Retrieved December 23, 2018. The Genie is drawn to be like Buckley twice in the movie. William F. Buckley hosted the TV show Firing Line from 1966-1999. Genie turns into him when he needs to get serious with Aladdin. I'm sure that joke killed with the parents in 1992, but today it takes some Googling to get.
  18. ^ Tsai, Michelle (February 28, 2008). "Why Did William F. Buckley Jr. Talk Like That?". Slate. Retrieved December 23, 2018. But if you listen to Buckley's many debates—with Gore Vidal, Noam Chomsky, and others—the first thing you'll notice is a distinctly British rhythm and melody. His pronunciation was likewise British-influenced in its lack of rhoticity—meaning he drops his 'r's. (An American 'r' is generally pronounced with a tongue curled about 45 degrees; the Brits leave their tongues flat. Buckley is often somewhere in the middle.) This style of speech was thought to characterize upper-class New Englanders as a whole, perhaps because many of the region's earliest settlers hailed from (old) England. (Fewer 'r's were dropped among the more diverse mix of immigrants in New York.) There's also the yod, which is the 'ew' sound in music and usual—like our friends across the pond, Buckley keeps the yod for words like news and pursue. He also pronounces the 't' in words like writer. And for vowels in words like thought and wrong, he rounded his lips, not unlike the English. Meanwhile, he stressed few words when he spoke but would pounce on an important one, every once in a while. (Contrast with John Wayne, who tended to stress every single word, in exactly the same way.) Buckley's old-fashioned way of speaking wasn't too far from the British-influenced mid-Atlantic accent, which the Hollywood studios taught to actors in the 1930s and '40s. You'll pick up some of the same pronunciations and cadences from recordings of Franklin D. Roosevelt, as well as Katharine Hepburn—who was, after all, from a wealthy Connecticut family, like Buckley. The conservative thinker may have shared an accent with some other men of the same age and social class, but his mannerisms and gestures made him entirely unique—and occasionally prone to caricature. He tended to pause for long stretches, wag his tongue, and open his mouth in an exaggerated way. To emphasize a point, he would make a tent with his fingers or grin as he spoke a key word. Toss in his wit, his blue-blooded accent, and his affinity for fancy words, and Buckley had created his own personal language, or idiolect.
  19. ^ Martin, Douglas (December 8, 2008). "William Buckley Jr. is dead at 82". The New York Times. Retrieved December 23, 2018. To New York City politician Mark Green, he purred, 'You've been on the show close to 100 times over the years. Tell me, Mark, have you learned anything yet.'
  20. ^ Koningsberg, Erik (February 29, 2008). "On TV, Buckley Led Urbane Debating Club". The New York Times. Retrieved December 23, 2018. And there was the time that Allen Ginsberg asked Mr. Buckley's permission, in the middle of an episode, to sing a song in praise of Lord Krishna. 'That was a howl — sorry, sorry about the word choice,' Mr. Brookhiser said. 'Bill was very gentle with him. He said of course.' Mr. Ginsberg proceeded to play a long and doleful number on a harmonium, chanting along slowly and passionately, Mr. Brookhiser said. 'And when he was finished, Bill said, "Well, that's the most unharried Krishna I've ever heard."'
  21. ^ "Vietnam and the Intellectuals". Hoover Institution Library and Archives: Firing Line broadcast records. April 3, 1969. Retrieved December 23, 2018. A matter-versus-anti-matter meeting between WFB and a man he characterizes as being 'listed in anybody's catalogue as among the half-dozen top heroes of the New Left.' Mr. Chomsky says nothing to belie his reputation: 'I said that there are certain issues-for example-Auschwitz, such that by consenting to discuss them one degrades oneself and to some degree loses one's humanity ... Nevertheless, I can easily imagine circumstances in which I would have been glad to debate Auschwitz-for example, if there were some chance that by debating Auschwitz it might have been possible to eliminate or to at least mitigate the horror that was going on. And, I think, I feel the same way about Vietnam.'
  22. ^ Lind, Michael (August 24, 2015). "Buckley vs. Vidal: The Real Story". Politico. Retrieved December 23, 2018. Far worse is the utterly unintellectual nature of a movie that is supposed to be about two intellectuals. Buckley is identified as a conservative and Vidal as a liberal. But what these philosophies meant for these two, beyond opposing perspectives on pornography and the Vietnam War, is never explored. Instead, the film-makers have compiled clips of the two trading insults, culminating in the infamous exchange in which Vidal called Buckley a 'crypto-Nazi' and Buckley called Vidal a 'queer.' At first the spectacle is funny. But it soon becomes depressing and squalid. Anyone unfamiliar with the history of the time would see only two pompous men with old-fashioned accents insulting each other.
  23. ^ Buckley Jr., William F. (October 28, 1975). "Just Call Me Bill". National Review. Retrieved December 23, 2018. My bias, on the whole, continued in the direction of a tendency to formality, so in the last few years I made a deter–mined effort to overcome it, wherein I came across my most recent humiliation . Mrs. Margaret Thatcher was my guest on Firing Line. Rather to my surprise, the English being more naturally formal than we are, halfway through the program she suddenly referred to me, once, as 'Bill.' I declined to break my Firing Line rule, and so persisted with 'Mrs. Thatcher.' However, the next day when we met again at a semi-social function, I braced myself on leaving and said, 'Good-bye, Margaret.' And a week later, writing her a note congratulating her on her performance, I addressed it: 'Dear Margaret.'
  24. ^ Kakutani, Michiko (February 25, 1981). "Buckley's 'Firing Line' Celebrates 15 Years". The New York Times. Retrieved December 23, 2018. Conversation, the Spanish philosopher Jose Ortega y Gasset once remarked, 'is the socializing instrument par excellence.' Yesterday conversation was in particularly fine form at the New York Yacht Club, where about 300 of its finest practitioners gathered to celebrate the 15th anniversary of 'Firing Line,' William F. Buckley Jr.'s weekly colloquy, telecast by the Public Broadcasting Service. For the 13th-longest-running program on public or commercial television, it was a fitting birthday party indeed, a party resonant with passion, intellect and great good humor - the very qualities that have informed the show's conversations between Mr. Buckley and his guests from the beginning. Many of those guests made a return appearance last evening at the party given by Anne Armstrong, Louis S. Auchincloss, Alistair Cooke, Vernon E. Jordan Jr., Henry A. Kissinger, Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan and William E. Simon - themselves all alumni of 'Firing Line' too. No doubt Mayor Koch spoke for all of them when he said, 'I've never participated in a show that has been more scintillating or informative for me personally than those conducted by Bill Buckley. Whether I'm on it or someone else is on it, I'm always enthralled.' President Reagan sent his regards.
  25. ^ "Firing Line Guests". Hoover Institution Library and Archives. Retrieved May 6, 2015.
  26. ^ Simon, Scott (June 8, 2018). "William F. Buckley's 'Firing Line' Returns With Margaret Hoover". NPR. Retrieved November 15, 2018. Almost 20 years since Firing Line ceased production, Margaret Hoover is stepping in to become the next host of the conservative talk show on PBS.
  27. ^ a b "Firing Line with Margaret Hoover". TV Guide. Retrieved November 25, 2018. June 2, 2018 - The premiere of the public affairs talk show that delivers a civil and engaging contest of ideas.
  28. ^ "WNET Sponsorship". WNET. Retrieved November 25, 2018.
  29. ^ "WGBH Boston and Thirteen/WNET New York, Two of America's Largest Public Broadcasters, Join Forces to Launch World and Create - Two New Digital Channels Serving Viewers Across the Northeast". Business Wire. February 24, 2004. Retrieved November 25, 2018. WGBH Boston and Thirteen/WNET New York have combined forces to launch World and Create, two new digital channels for viewers throughout the Boston and New York metropolitan areas. Available to digital cable subscribers as well as over the air (via antenna) to viewers with digital receivers, the new channels complement the traditional analog channels of both WGBH Boston and Thirteen/WNET New York.
  30. ^ Falk, Tyler (April 27, 2018). "PBS rekindles political debate show 'Firing Line'". Current. Retrieved November 25, 2018. 'The show will maintain the character of the original series by William F. Buckley, providing a platform that is diligent in its commitment to a balanced exchange of opinion,' the release added. 'The series comes at a time when meaningful discourse is needed more than ever.'
  31. ^ Newman, Andy (June 27, 2018). "Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Emerges as a Political Star". The New York Times. Retrieved November 25, 2018.
  32. ^ Arnold, Megan (August 24, 2018). "Jordan Peterson is a Conservative, Not a Classical Liberal". Libertarianism.org. Retrieved November 25, 2018. In speaking of the distinction between conservatives and [classical] liberals in his essay 'Why I Am Not a Conservative,' Nobel laureate F.A. Hayek notes that 'the conservative attitude is a fear of change' and 'a timid distrust of the new as such.' By contrast, Hayek says that a liberal like himself can 'accept changes without apprehension even though he does not know how the necessary adaptations will be brought about.' Conservatives only feel safe 'if [they are] assured that some higher wisdom watches and supervises change.' It almost seems as though Hayek had Jordan Peterson in mind when he wrote the essay.
  33. ^ "Firing Line Episodes Season 1 - 2018". PBS. Retrieved November 25, 2018.
  34. ^ "Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez wrong on several counts about unemployment".
  35. ^ "Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez criticizes Israel for 'the occupation of Palestine'". July 16, 2018.
  36. ^ Cillizza, Chris (July 18, 2018). "Democrats should maybe slow their roll on pushing Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez as their next big star". CNN. Retrieved November 25, 2018. Which leads to moments like this one, which occurred during an interview with Margaret Hoover for PBS' 'Firing Line' in which Ocasio-Cortez gets herself into trouble when she starts talking about the Middle East and referring to Israelis who have settled in the West Bank as occupiers of Palestine. Hoover follows up, smartly, and Ocasio-Cortez begins to talk about an increase in settlements that makes it more difficult for Palestinians to access 'their housing.' Sensing that she is making things worse not better, Ocasio-Cortez admits: 'I am not the expert on geopolitics on this issue.'
  37. ^ Warner, Liam (July 17, 2018). "Ocasio-Cortez Embarrasses Herself on Firing Line". National Review. Retrieved November 25, 2018. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, the celebrated, 28-year-old Democratic nominee for Congress in New York's 14th district, appeared on PBS's Firing Line reboot last week to discuss herself. The conversation was a broad overview of Ocasio-Cortez's positions on capitalism, education, and foreign policy. One widely circulated highlight was Ocasio-Cortez's reference to the 'occupation' of Palestine, which host Margaret Hoover asked her to clarify. She responded by saying that she supposed she was referring to the Israeli settlements in 'some of these areas,' which make it difficult for Palestinians to access 'their housing and homes.' Hoover asked for a fuller explanation but got only Ocasio-Cortez's demurral that she was 'not the expert on geopolitics on this issue.'
  38. ^ Victor, Daniel (January 30, 2019). "Chris Christie Says Jared Kushner's Father Committed a 'Loathsome' Crime". The New York Times. Retrieved January 31, 2019. 'Mr. Kushner pled guilty, he admitted the crimes. So what am I supposed to do as a prosecutor?' Mr. Christie said in an interview on 'Firing Line With Margaret Hoover' on PBS. 'If a guy hires a prostitute to seduce his brother-in-law, and videotapes it, and then sends the videotape to his sister to attempt to intimidate her from testifying before a grand jury, do I really need any more justification than that?' He continued: 'It's one of the most loathsome, disgusting crimes that I prosecuted when I was U.S. attorney. And I was U.S. attorney in New Jersey, Margaret, so we had some loathsome and disgusting crime going on there.'
  39. ^ Vogt, Bailey (May 15, 2019). "Sen. Tom Cotton: U.S. could win potential war with Iran in 'two strikes'". The Washington Times. Retrieved June 2, 2018. Sen. Tom Cotton said Tuesday the U.S. could win a war with Iran in only 'two strikes' amid simmering tensions between the two countries. When asked if the United States could emerge successful from a conflict with the Middle Eastern state, Mr. Cotton said, 'Yes, two strikes. The first strike and the last strike.' 'If Iran struck out militarily against us or against our allies in the region, then I would certainly expect a devastating response against Iran,' the Arkansas Republican said in an interview on PBS' 'Firing Line with Margaret Hoover' show.
  40. ^ Green, Penelope (July 11, 2018). "Margaret Hoover and John Avlon on their Post-Partisan Marriage". The New York Times. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
  41. ^ Williamson, Kevin (June 3, 2018). "A Hoover Restoration". National Review. Retrieved November 25, 2018. The reincarnation of Firing Line comes at an interesting time, and a needful one.
  42. ^ Hendershot, Heather (June 1, 2018). "Is America Ready for Kinder, Gentler Political TV?". Politico. Retrieved November 25, 2018. It seems like a great idea, so let's test drive it and see what happens
  43. ^ Poppy Harlow, John Avlon, Margaret Hoover (August 8, 2018). CNN Newsroom with Poppy Harlow (Television). New York: CNN.
  44. ^ George Stephanopoulos, Margaret Hoover (June 25, 2018). Good Morning America (Television). New York: ABC.
  45. ^ Stephen Colbert, Margaret Hoover (June 27, 2018). The Late Show with Stephen Colbert (Television). New York: CBS.
  46. ^ Neale, April (June 15, 2018). "George Will, Billy Eichner and Margaret Hoover on Real Time with Bill Maher". Monsters and Critics. Retrieved December 14, 2018. The roundtable guests are Rep. Karen Bass, CNN contributor and television host Margaret Hoover, and Daily Beast contributor and author Michael Weiss. Hoover has been selected to bring back the analysis news show Firing Line [with William F. Buckley Jr.] which ran for over 33 years. Buckley interviewed other conservatives, as well as people on the left including Noam Chomsky, Reverend Jesse Jackson, Allen Ginsberg, and even Groucho Marx. Hoover is now the next host for the series which [returns] to PBS.
  47. ^ Staff, Algemeiner (May 16, 2019). "Journalists Margaret Hoover, Jackson Diehl Honored at Algemeiner Summer Benefit". Algemeiner Journal. Retrieved June 2, 2019. PBS host Margaret Hoover and Washington Post editor Jackson Diehl received 'Journalist of the Year' awards, and entrepreneur Cyril Berdugo was also honored at the event.
  48. ^ "Firing Line". American Archive of Public Broadcasting. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  49. ^ "Firing Line". Hoover Institution. Retrieved July 23, 2020.

추가 읽기

  • 점화 라인에서: 윌리엄 F가 쓴 우리 공인의 공적 생활.버클리(뉴욕: 랜덤 하우스, 1989), ISBN 0-394-57568-7.발췌한 대본과 논평 모음입니다.
  • 토론 공개: William F.는 어때? Buckley Put Liberty America를 Heather Hendershot(뉴욕: Broadside Books, 2016), ISBN 9780062430458; 0062430459의 발화선에 올려놓았다.MIT의 비교 미디어 연구/작문 교수는 사격선의 역사와 중요성에 대해 논한다.

외부 링크