GTPases의 RAS 서브패밀리의 멤버(HRAS; MIM 190020 참조)는 비액티브한 GDP와 액티브한 GTP 바운드 상태를 순환하는 GTP/GDP 규제 스위치로서 신호 변환으로 기능합니다.RASGRP3와 같은 구아닌 뉴클레오티드 교환인자(GEFs)는 활성 GTP 결합 상태를 유지하기 위해 GTP의 획득을 촉진함으로써 RAS 활성화제로 작용하며 세포 표면 수용체와 RAS 활성화 사이의 핵심 연결고리이다(Rebun et al.,[7]
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