원형 교차로
Roundaboutness |
| 다음 시리즈의 일부 |
| 오스트리아의 학교 |
|---|
 |
 비즈니스 및 경제 포털 |
우회, 즉 우회적인 생산방식은 자본재를 먼저 생산한 다음 자본재의 도움을 받아 원하는 소비재를 생산하는 과정이다.[citation needed]
Etymology
The term was devised by the Austrian School economist Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk, who maintained that it was consumer demand, and not necessarily the supply of savings, that would determine the capital investment in any industry.
Overview
| This section needs additional citations for verification. (February 2019) |
The Austrian economist Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk argued against both the Ricardian labor theory of price and Marx's theory of exploitation. On the former, he contended that return on capital arises from the roundabout nature of production. A steel ladder, for example, will be produced and brought to market only if the demand supports the digging of iron ore, the smelting of steel, the machines that press that steel into ladder shape, the machines that make and help maintain those machines, etc. Advocates of the labour theory of value point out that every step in that process, however roundabout, involves labor. But Böhm-Bawerk said that what they missed was the process itself, the roundaboutness, which necessarily involves the passage of time.
Roundabout processes, Böhm-Bawerk maintained, lead to a price that pays for more than labor value. This makes it unnecessary to postulate exploitation in order to understand the return on capital, although how the length of the production process in and of itself produces value remains unclear, as, if Böhm-Bawerk's idea were correct, the more inefficient a capitalist manufacturer, the longer their production process and the more profit they would accrue. When in fact the additional costs they incur through their inefficient production process would prevent them from selling their output at the market price. In reality though time and profit do not have to be related in direct proportion across different industries; within a certain industry, the passage of time will allow for value to be added in the production process, in the absence of exploitation, while inefficient firms with inferior production systems may contribute the same value-added to output as superior firms with the same given inputs, but just in a longer period of time. Inefficiency therefore does not result in superior performance for a firm, but the passage of time that is necessary for all production processes to occur nevertheless is that feature of the process that explains value-added, not exploitation of labor.
이 개념은 1930년대에 개발된 후기 케인즈 이론과 유사하다.[citation needed]
케임브리지의 자본 논쟁 중에 폴 새뮤얼슨에[1] 의해 복합적인 이익을 가진 경제에서의 우회성에 대한 논란이 제기되었다.
자본의 기술구성이 높아지는 것으로 해석되는 이 개념은 일부 마르크스주의 작가들도 사용하고 있다.[2]
참조
- ^ Samuelson, Paul A.(1966) "A Summing Up" 분기별 경제 저널 80:4, 페이지.568-583.
- ^ 예를 들어 존 R. 벨: 자본주의와 변증법 - 마르크스 정치 경제에 대한 우노-세킨 접근법 2009년 뉴욕 런던 페이지 106.
