FANCD2
FANCD2FANCD2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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식별자 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
별칭 | FANCD2, FA-D2, FA4, FASD, FAD, FAD2, FANCD, 팬코니 빈혈 보완 그룹 D2, FA 보완 그룹 D2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
외부 ID | OMIM: 613984 MGI: 2448480 호몰로진: 13212 GeneCard: FANCD2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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직교체 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
종 | 인간 | 마우스 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
엔트레스 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
앙상블 |
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유니프로트 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
RefSeq(mRNA) |
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RefSeq(단백질) |
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위치(UCSC) | Chr 3: 10.03 – 10.1Mb | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||||||
PubMed 검색 | [2] | [3] | |||||||||||||||||||||||
위키다타 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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판코니 빈혈군 D2 단백질은 인간에서 FANCD2 유전자에 의해 암호화된 단백질이다.[4][5]The Fanconi anemia complementation group (FANC) currently includes FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1 (also called BRCA2), FANCD2 (this gene), FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI , FANCJ, FANCL, FANCM, FANCN and FANCO.
함수

판코니 빈혈은 염색체 불안정성, DNA 교차연계제에 대한 과민성, 염색체 파손 증가, DNA 보수 결함 등이 특징인 유전적으로 동질성 열성 질환이다.판코니 빈혈 보완 그룹의 구성원들은 염기서열 유사성을 공유하지 않는다; 그것들은 그들의 조립에 의해 공통의 핵 단백질 복합체로 연관되어 있다.이 유전자는 보충군 D2를 위해 단백질을 인코딩한다.이 단백질은 DNA 손상에 대응하여 단극화되어 동질 유도 DNA 수리에 관여하는 다른 단백질(BRCA1 및 BRCA2)과 핵 포커로 국산화된다(그림: 참조).DNA 이중 스트랜드 손상 재조합 수리).FANCD2 단백질을 단유입성 이소폼으로 활성화하기 위해서는 FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCF, FANCL, FANCG 단백질을 포함한 핵단지가 필요하다.[13]
DNA 인터스트랜드 크로스링크 수리를 위해서는 FANCD2의 모노 입자가 필수적이며, 파트너 단백질인 FANCI와 함께 DNA에 단백질을 고정시킨다.단일화된 FANCD2:FANCI 콤플렉스는 DNA를 필라멘트 같은 배열로 코팅하며, 잠재적으로 정지된 복제와 관련된 DNA를 보호하기 위한 방법일 수 있다.[14]
nuclease FAN1과의 상호작용에도 모노 자극이 필요하다. FAN1 채용과 그 결과의 활동은 DNA 복제 포크 진행을 억제하고 DNA 복제 포크가 정지할 때 염색체 이상이 발생하는 것을 방지한다.[15]
불임
FANCD 결핍증을 가진 인간은 저혈압, 남성 불임, 정자생식 장애, 여성 출산 감소 등을 보인다.마찬가지로 FANCD2가 부족한 생쥐도 저포자증, 생식력 저하, 생식력 저하를 보인다.[16]
무뇨생쥐에서 FANCD2는 정조세포, 렙토텐 전 정조세포, 렙토텐, 지고텐, 감수분열 초기 파키텐 단계에 있는 정조세포로 표현된다.[17]감수성 염색체의 시냅토네말 복합체에서 활성화된 FANCD2 단백질은 BRCA1(양극암 감수성 단백질)과 공동 국부화한다.[13]FANCD2 돌연변이 생쥐는 감수분열과 세균세포 손실의 파키테네 단계에서 염색체 오파잉을 나타낸다.[18]활성화된 FANCD2 단백질은 일반적으로 감수성 재조합을 시작하기 전에, 아마도 시냅시스를 위한 염색체를 준비하거나 후속 재조합 사건을 조절하기 위해 기능할 수 있다.[13]
임상적 유의성
담배 연기는 DNA 손상 "담배" 또는 수리 메커니즘을 나타내는 FANCD2의 표현을 억제한다.[19]
암
FANCD2 돌연변이 생쥐는 난소, 위, 간 아데노마 등 종양 발생률은 물론 간세포암, 폐암, 난소암, 유방암 발생률이 크게 증가한다.[16][18]FANCD2 결핍증을 가진 인간은 급성 골수성 백혈병, 편평한 세포암(두경부 편평세포암 및 항생성암)을 증가시켰다.[16]폐결핵종양은 높은 수준의 FANCD2와 팬코니아 빈혈 경로의 구성원을 나타낸다.[20]
또한 FANCD2 단심화는 암 치료에 있어 잠재적인 치료 목표물이다.[21]
상호작용
FANCD2는 다음과 상호 작용하는 것으로 나타났다.
- 팡시[22][23]
- 아탁시아 텔랑게릭타시아가 돌연변이를 [24][25]일으켰고
- BARD1,[26]
- BRCA1.[25][26]
- BRCA2,[27][28][29]
- 펜스,[28][30][31]
- HTATIP [29]및
- MEN1.[32]
참조
- ^ a b c GRCh38: 앙상블 릴리스 89: ENSG00000144554 - 앙상블, 2017년 5월
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ Whitney M, Thayer M, Reifsteck C, Olson S, Smith L, Jakobs PM, et al. (November 1995). "Microcell mediated chromosome transfer maps the Fanconi anaemia group D gene to chromosome 3p". Nature Genetics. 11 (3): 341–3. doi:10.1038/ng1195-341. PMID 7581463. S2CID 451042.
- ^ Timmers C, Taniguchi T, Hejna J, Reifsteck C, Lucas L, Bruun D, et al. (February 2001). "Positional cloning of a novel Fanconi anemia gene, FANCD2". Molecular Cell. 7 (2): 241–8. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00172-1. PMID 11239453.
- ^ D'Andrea AD (May 2010). "Susceptibility pathways in Fanconi's anemia and breast cancer". The New England Journal of Medicine. 362 (20): 1909–19. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0809889. PMC 3069698. PMID 20484397.
- ^ Sobeck A, Stone S, Landais I, de Graaf B, Hoatlin ME (September 2009). "The Fanconi anemia protein FANCM is controlled by FANCD2 and the ATR/ATM pathways". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (38): 25560–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.007690. PMC 2757957. PMID 19633289.
- ^ Castillo P, Bogliolo M, Surralles J (May 2011). "Coordinated action of the Fanconi anemia and ataxia telangiectasia pathways in response to oxidative damage". DNA Repair. 10 (5): 518–25. doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2011.02.007. PMID 21466974.
- ^ Stolz A, Ertych N, Bastians H (February 2011). "Tumor suppressor CHK2: regulator of DNA damage response and mediator of chromosomal stability". Clinical Cancer Research. 17 (3): 401–5. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-1215. PMID 21088254.
- ^ Taniguchi T, Garcia-Higuera I, Andreassen PR, Gregory RC, Grompe M, D'Andrea AD (October 2002). "S-phase-specific interaction of the Fanconi anemia protein, FANCD2, with BRCA1 and RAD51". Blood. 100 (7): 2414–20. doi:10.1182/blood-2002-01-0278. PMID 12239151.
- ^ Park JY, Zhang F, Andreassen PR (August 2014). "PALB2: the hub of a network of tumor suppressors involved in DNA damage responses". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer. 1846 (1): 263–75. doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.06.003. PMC 4183126. PMID 24998779.
- ^ Chun J, Buechelmaier ES, Powell SN (January 2013). "Rad51 paralog complexes BCDX2 and CX3 act at different stages in the BRCA1-BRCA2-dependent homologous recombination pathway". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 33 (2): 387–95. doi:10.1128/MCB.00465-12. PMC 3554112. PMID 23149936.
- ^ a b c Garcia-Higuera I, Taniguchi T, Ganesan S, Meyn MS, Timmers C, Hejna J, et al. (February 2001). "Interaction of the Fanconi anemia proteins and BRCA1 in a common pathway". Molecular Cell. 7 (2): 249–62. doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(01)00173-3. PMID 11239454.
- ^ Tan W, van Twest S, Leis A, Bythell-Douglas R, Murphy VJ, Sharp M, et al. (March 2020). "Monoubiquitination by the human Fanconi anemia core complex clamps FANCI:FANCD2 on DNA in filamentous arrays". eLife. 9. doi:10.7554/eLife.54128. PMC 7156235. PMID 32167469.
- ^ Lachaud C, Moreno A, Marchesi F, Toth R, Blow JJ, Rouse J (February 2016). "Ubiquitinated Fancd2 recruits Fan1 to stalled replication forks to prevent genome instability". Science. 351 (6275): 846–9. Bibcode:2016Sci...351..846L. doi:10.1126/science.aad5634. PMC 4770513. PMID 26797144.
- ^ a b c Parmar K, D'Andrea A, Niedernhofer LJ (July 2009). "Mouse models of Fanconi anemia". Mutation Research. 668 (1–2): 133–40. doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2009.03.015. PMC 2778466. PMID 19427003.
- ^ Jamsai D, O'Connor AE, O'Donnell L, Lo JC, O'Bryan MK (2015). "Uncoupling of transcription and translation of Fanconi anemia (FANC) complex proteins during spermatogenesis". Spermatogenesis. 5 (1): e979061. doi:10.4161/21565562.2014.979061. PMC 4581071. PMID 26413409.
- ^ a b Houghtaling S, Timmers C, Noll M, Finegold MJ, Jones SN, Meyn MS, Grompe M (August 2003). "Epithelial cancer in Fanconi anemia complementation group D2 (Fancd2) knockout mice". Genes & Development. 17 (16): 2021–35. doi:10.1101/gad.1103403. PMC 196256. PMID 12893777.
- ^ Hays LE, Zodrow DM, Yates JE, Deffebach ME, Jacoby DB, Olson SB, Pankow JF, Bagby GC (May 2008). "Cigarette smoke induces genetic instability in airway epithelial cells by suppressing FANCD2 expression". British Journal of Cancer. 98 (10): 1653–61. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6604362. PMC 2391131. PMID 18475298.
- ^ Prieto-Garcia, C.; Hartmann, O; Diefenbacher, M.; et, al. (Sep 2020). "Inhibition of USP28 overcomes Cisplatin-Resistance of Squamous Tumors by Suppression of the Fanconi Anemia Pathway". bioRxiv 10.1101/2020.09.10.291278.
- ^ Sharp MF, Murphy VJ, Twest SV, Tan W, Lui J, Simpson KJ, et al. (May 2020). "Methodology for the identification of small molecule inhibitors of the Fanconi Anaemia ubiquitin E3 ligase complex". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 7959. Bibcode:2020NatSR..10.7959S. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-64868-7. PMC 7224301. PMID 32409752.
- ^ Yuan F, El Hokayem J, Zhou W, Zhang Y (September 2009). "FANCI protein binds to DNA and interacts with FANCD2 to recognize branched structures". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (36): 24443–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.m109.016006. PMC 2782037. PMID 19561358.
- ^ Joo W, Xu G, Persky NS, Smogorzewska A, Rudge DG, Buzovetsky O, et al. (July 2011). "Structure of the FANCI-FANCD2 complex: insights into the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway". Science. 333 (6040): 312–6. Bibcode:2011Sci...333..312J. doi:10.1126/science.1205805. PMC 3310437. PMID 21764741.
- ^ Taniguchi T, Garcia-Higuera I, Xu B, Andreassen PR, Gregory RC, Kim ST, et al. (May 2002). "Convergence of the fanconi anemia and ataxia telangiectasia signaling pathways". Cell. 109 (4): 459–72. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00747-X. PMID 12086603. S2CID 16580666.
- ^ a b Reuter TY, Medhurst AL, Waisfisz Q, Zhi Y, Herterich S, Hoehn H, et al. (October 2003). "Yeast two-hybrid screens imply involvement of Fanconi anemia proteins in transcription regulation, cell signaling, oxidative metabolism, and cellular transport". Experimental Cell Research. 289 (2): 211–21. doi:10.1016/S0014-4827(03)00261-1. PMID 14499622.
- ^ a b Vandenberg CJ, Gergely F, Ong CY, Pace P, Mallery DL, Hiom K, Patel KJ (July 2003). "BRCA1-independent ubiquitination of FANCD2". Molecular Cell. 12 (1): 247–54. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00281-8. PMID 12887909.
- ^ Wang X, Andreassen PR, D'Andrea AD (July 2004). "Functional interaction of monoubiquitinated FANCD2 and BRCA2/FANCD1 in chromatin". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 24 (13): 5850–62. doi:10.1128/MCB.24.13.5850-5862.2004. PMC 480901. PMID 15199141.
- ^ a b Hussain S, Wilson JB, Medhurst AL, Hejna J, Witt E, Ananth S, et al. (June 2004). "Direct interaction of FANCD2 with BRCA2 in DNA damage response pathways". Human Molecular Genetics. 13 (12): 1241–8. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddh135. PMID 15115758.
- ^ a b Hejna J, Holtorf M, Hines J, Mathewson L, Hemphill A, Al-Dhalimy M, et al. (April 2008). "Tip60 is required for DNA interstrand cross-link repair in the Fanconi anemia pathway". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 283 (15): 9844–51. doi:10.1074/jbc.M709076200. PMC 2398728. PMID 18263878.
- ^ Gordon SM, Buchwald M (July 2003). "Fanconi anemia protein complex: mapping protein interactions in the yeast 2- and 3-hybrid systems". Blood. 102 (1): 136–41. doi:10.1182/blood-2002-11-3517. PMID 12649160.
- ^ Pace P, Johnson M, Tan WM, Mosedale G, Sng C, Hoatlin M, et al. (July 2002). "FANCE: the link between Fanconi anaemia complex assembly and activity". The EMBO Journal. 21 (13): 3414–23. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf355. PMC 125396. PMID 12093742.
- ^ Jin S, Mao H, Schnepp RW, Sykes SM, Silva AC, D'Andrea AD, Hua X (July 2003). "Menin associates with FANCD2, a protein involved in repair of DNA damage". Cancer Research. 63 (14): 4204–10. PMID 12874027.
추가 읽기
- Hejna JA, Timmers CD, Reifsteck C, Bruun DA, Lucas LW, Jakobs PM, et al. (May 2000). "Localization of the Fanconi anemia complementation group D gene to a 200-kb region on chromosome 3p25.3". American Journal of Human Genetics. 66 (5): 1540–51. doi:10.1086/302896. PMC 1378015. PMID 10762542.
- Garcia-Higuera I, Taniguchi T, Ganesan S, Meyn MS, Timmers C, Hejna J, et al. (February 2001). "Interaction of the Fanconi anemia proteins and BRCA1 in a common pathway". Molecular Cell. 7 (2): 249–62. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00173-3. PMID 11239454.
- Futaki M, Liu JM (December 2001). "Chromosomal breakage syndromes and the BRCA1 genome surveillance complex". Trends in Molecular Medicine. 7 (12): 560–5. doi:10.1016/S1471-4914(01)02178-5. PMID 11733219.
- Wilson JB, Johnson MA, Stuckert AP, Trueman KL, May S, Bryant PE, et al. (December 2001). "The Chinese hamster FANCG/XRCC9 mutant NM3 fails to express the monoubiquitinated form of the FANCD2 protein, is hypersensitive to a range of DNA damaging agents and exhibits a normal level of spontaneous sister chromatid exchange". Carcinogenesis. 22 (12): 1939–46. doi:10.1093/carcin/22.12.1939. PMID 11751423.
- Grompe M (June 2002). "FANCD2: a branch-point in DNA damage response?". Nature Medicine. 8 (6): 555–6. doi:10.1038/nm0602-555. PMID 12042798. S2CID 27843912.
- Taniguchi T, Garcia-Higuera I, Xu B, Andreassen PR, Gregory RC, Kim ST, et al. (May 2002). "Convergence of the fanconi anemia and ataxia telangiectasia signaling pathways". Cell. 109 (4): 459–72. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00747-X. PMID 12086603. S2CID 16580666.
- Pace P, Johnson M, Tan WM, Mosedale G, Sng C, Hoatlin M, et al. (July 2002). "FANCE: the link between Fanconi anaemia complex assembly and activity". The EMBO Journal. 21 (13): 3414–23. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf355. PMC 125396. PMID 12093742.
- Taniguchi T, Garcia-Higuera I, Andreassen PR, Gregory RC, Grompe M, D'Andrea AD (October 2002). "S-phase-specific interaction of the Fanconi anemia protein, FANCD2, with BRCA1 and RAD51". Blood. 100 (7): 2414–20. doi:10.1182/blood-2002-01-0278. PMID 12239151.
- Tamary H, Bar-Yam R, Zemach M, Dgany O, Shalmon L, Yaniv I (October 2002). "The molecular biology of Fanconi anemia". The Israel Medical Association Journal. 4 (10): 819–23. PMID 12389351.
- Nakanishi K, Taniguchi T, Ranganathan V, New HV, Moreau LA, Stotsky M, et al. (December 2002). "Interaction of FANCD2 and NBS1 in the DNA damage response". Nature Cell Biology. 4 (12): 913–20. doi:10.1038/ncb879. PMID 12447395. S2CID 20807784.
- Goldberg M, Stucki M, Falck J, D'Amours D, Rahman D, Pappin D, et al. (February 2003). "MDC1 is required for the intra-S-phase DNA damage checkpoint". Nature. 421 (6926): 952–6. Bibcode:2003Natur.421..952G. doi:10.1038/nature01445. PMID 12607003. S2CID 4301037.
- Stewart GS, Wang B, Bignell CR, Taylor AM, Elledge SJ (February 2003). "MDC1 is a mediator of the mammalian DNA damage checkpoint". Nature. 421 (6926): 961–6. Bibcode:2003Natur.421..961S. doi:10.1038/nature01446. PMID 12607005. S2CID 4410773.
- Gordon SM, Buchwald M (July 2003). "Fanconi anemia protein complex: mapping protein interactions in the yeast 2- and 3-hybrid systems". Blood. 102 (1): 136–41. doi:10.1182/blood-2002-11-3517. PMID 12649160.
- Jin S, Mao H, Schnepp RW, Sykes SM, Silva AC, D'Andrea AD, Hua X (July 2003). "Menin associates with FANCD2, a protein involved in repair of DNA damage". Cancer Research. 63 (14): 4204–10. PMID 12874027.
- Vandenberg CJ, Gergely F, Ong CY, Pace P, Mallery DL, Hiom K, Patel KJ (July 2003). "BRCA1-independent ubiquitination of FANCD2". Molecular Cell. 12 (1): 247–54. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00281-8. PMID 12887909.
- Meetei AR, de Winter JP, Medhurst AL, Wallisch M, Waisfisz Q, van de Vrugt HJ, et al. (October 2003). "A novel ubiquitin ligase is deficient in Fanconi anemia". Nature Genetics. 35 (2): 165–70. doi:10.1038/ng1241. PMID 12973351. S2CID 10149290.
- Reuter TY, Medhurst AL, Waisfisz Q, Zhi Y, Herterich S, Hoehn H, et al. (October 2003). "Yeast two-hybrid screens imply involvement of Fanconi anemia proteins in transcription regulation, cell signaling, oxidative metabolism, and cellular transport". Experimental Cell Research. 289 (2): 211–21. doi:10.1016/S0014-4827(03)00261-1. PMID 14499622.
- Wang X, Kennedy RD, Ray K, Stuckert P, Ellenberger T, D'Andrea AD (April 2007). "Chk1-mediated phosphorylation of FANCE is required for the Fanconi anemia/BRCA pathway". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 27 (8): 3098–108. doi:10.1128/MCB.02357-06. PMC 1899922. PMID 17296736.