V-12 해군 대학 훈련 프로그램

V-12 Navy College Training Program
로버트 F. 케네디(왼쪽에서 두 번째)가 베이츠 대학에서 V-12 공부를 마치고 있는 모습. 배경에는 해군 함정의 눈 모형이 있다.

V-12 해군 대학 훈련 프로그램은 제2차 세계대전 당시 미 해군에 임관한 장교들의 전력을 보충하기 위해 고안되었다.1943년 7월 1일과 1946년 6월 30일 사이에 125,000명 이상의 참가자들이 미국의 131개 대학에 등록되었다.많은 참가자들이 각 대학의 수업과 강의를 듣고 학업을 위해 수료 학위를 취득했다.일부는 해군 의무에서 돌아와 이전에 주둔했던 대학에서 학위를 따기도 했다.

V-12 프로그램의 목표는 공대, 외국어, 의학 같은 분야에서 20만 명 이상의 기술 훈련을 받은 직원을 배출하고자 했던 육군 전문 훈련 프로그램(ASTP)과 달리 장교들을 배출하는 것이었다.1942년부터 1944년까지 ASTP 신병들은 훈련을 마치고 장교가 될 필요가 없었다.

역사

V-12 프로그램의 목적은 제2차 세계대전의 요구를 충족시키기 위해 미국 해군해병대를 위해 많은 장교들을 배출하는 것이었다. 이는 아나폴리스에 있는 미 해군 사관학교해군 예비군 사관학교가 매년 배출하는 인원보다 많다.등록자가 V-12 지원 학사 과정을 마치면, 수수료를 받기 위한 다음 단계는 서비스 부서에 [1]달려 있었습니다.

네이비

  • 해군 장교 후보자들은 V-7 해군 예비역 사관학교 프로그램을 이수해야 했다.그것은 8개월의 짧은 과정이었다.첫 달은 해병대 교관들을 훈련시키는 장교 후보자들을 위한 신병 훈련소인 인도크리테이션 스쿨에서 보냈다.예비 사관학교는 4개월간의 준비 과정으로 해군, 항해, 무기, 장교처럼 행동하는 법과 같은 군사 기술을 가르쳤다.육군사관학교는 그 자체로 학문적 기술을 가르쳤고 3개월의 기간이었다.졸업생들은 미 해군 예비군 소장으로 임관되었고 대다수는 미 [2]함대에서 현역으로 복무하였다.

해병

인셉션

미국이 제2차 세계대전에 참전했을 때, 미국 대학들은 엄청난 등록 감소를 겪었다.보통 대학에 들어갔을 때(또는 학업을 마칠 때까지 계속 등록했을 때) 초년기 남성들은 징집되거나, 자원봉사를 하거나, 중퇴하고 농업이나 전쟁 관련 산업에 종사했다.그 결과, 일부 대학들은 분쟁 기간 동안 문을 닫아야 할 것이라고 걱정했다.

1942년 10월 14일, 미국 교육 위원회는 전쟁 노력을 위해 대학과 대학을 이용하는 최선의 방법에 대한 보고서를 발표했다.이 계획은 대학 캠퍼스에 "대학 훈련대"를 설치하고, 그 부대원들은 제복을 입고 현역 급여를 받으며, 졸업생들은 육군과 해군에 유용한 기술 전문 교육을 받도록 권고했다.프랭클린 D 대통령 루즈벨트는 이 보고서에 동의했고, 전쟁 장관과 해군 장관에게 동원 계획에 고등교육을 어떻게 가장 잘 활용할 수 있는지 물었다.V-12 해군 대학 훈련 프로그램과 육군 전문 훈련 프로그램은 1942년 [3]12월 12일에 공동으로 발표되었습니다.V-12 프로그램은 ASTP보다 대학 관리자들에게 더 많은 인기를 얻었다.ASTP와 달리 V-12 학생들은 일반 학생들과 함께 수업을 듣고 운동경기에 참여할 수 있었다.기본 커리큘럼의 대부분은 이미 민간 [4]강사가 가르친 수업으로 구성되었다.V-12 등록자들의 과거 대학 교육과정에 따라, 그들은 각각 4개월씩 지속된 3학기 즉, 학기에 등록되었다.

아서 S 선장 해군 인사국 훈련과 출신의 애덤스는 V-12 프로그램의 [1]책임자였다.괌과 미국령 사모아 주지사가 될 리처드 바렛 로우는 초기 지휘관 [5]중 한 이었다.

범위

여러분, 우리는 미국 대학과 해군, 그리고 무엇보다도 미국의 가장 훌륭한 젊은이 수천 명의 삶에 중요한 영향을 미칠 교육 프로그램에 착수하려고 합니다.우리는 이 사람들을 잘 교육시키고 훈련시켜야 합니다. 그래야 그들이 전쟁에서나 평화에서나 나라를 위해 훌륭하게 봉사할 수 있습니다.1943년 5월 14일[1] 랜달 제이콥스 해군 제독

V-12 프로그램은 학부 대학과 대학들이 전쟁에 필요한 인력을 총동원하는 동안 등록금을 유지하는 데 경제적, 기능적으로 유익했으며,[1] 또한 군대의 중요한 요구를 충족시키고 초과했다.

참가 기관

ASTP와 달리, 해군은 V-12 분견대를 위해 소규모 사립 대학들을 주로 선택했다.라인 유닛으로 선정된 131개 기관 중 약 100개 기관은 소규모로 간주할 수 있으며, 88개 기관은 민간 기관이었다.11명은 로마 가톨릭 교회와 관련되어 있었다.131개 [6]분교 중 토지보조금 및 주립대학차지하는 비중은 18개에 불과했다.1943년 7월 1일 V-12 프로그램이 시작된 후, 공립 및 사립 대학 등록자가 10만 명 증가하여 급격한 전시 하락 [1]추세를 반전시키는 데 도움을 주었다.

사관학교 (V-7 사관학교)

회선 단위

의료 단위

치과 단위

신학 단위

저명한 졸업생

Alfred J. Eggers는 1968년 1월부터 1971년 3월까지 나사의 정책 담당 보조 행정관으로 재직했습니다.

「 」를 참조해 주세요.

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추가 정보

  • Cardozier, V. R. Colleges and Universitys in the 2차 세계대전(1993) 온라인
  • 웨스터런드, 존 S "앵커:미 해군의 제2차 세계대전 기항지 플래그스태프," 애리조나 역사 저널(2002) 43#1 페이지 69-86.애리조나 주립 사범대학(현 노던 애리조나 대학교)

외부 링크