2012년 우주 비행 중

2012 in spaceflight
2012년 우주 비행 중
COTS2Dragon.2..jpg
드래곤호(사진)는 2012년 5월 첫 COTS 시연 물류비행을 실시해 상업용 우주선으로는 처음으로 국제우주정거장과 접선했다.
궤도 발사
첫번째1월 9일
지난12월 19일
총77
성공72
장애2
부분 장애3
카탈로그화75
전국 제일주의
위성. 헝가리
폴란드
루마니아
벨라루스
북한
궤도 발사 북한
로켓
처녀 비행
은퇴
승무원 비행
궤도5
총여행자수15
EVA5

2012년에는 우주 비행에서 많은 중요한 사건들이 있었다.5월과 10월에 첫 번째 상용 궤도 수송 서비스 보급 임무가 수행되었고, 이 기간 동안 SpaceX Dragon은 국제 우주 정거장과 도킹한 최초의 민간 우주선이 되었다.중국은 지난 6월 선저우 9호 궤도선을 발사했고 북한은 12월 첫 궤도 발사에 성공했으며, 2012년 중국 최초의 소행성 탐사 임무와 NASA 큐리오시티 탐사선 화성 착륙도 성공했다.베가와 은하-3 로켓은 2012년에 첫 비행을 했고 프로톤-K는 마지막 비행을 했다.

2012년에는 총 77회의 궤도 발사가 시도되었으며, 그 중 72회는 성공적이었고, 3회는 부분적으로 성공적이었고, 2회는 실패하였다.5개의 유인 궤도 임무가 1년 동안 수행되었고, 모두 성공적으로 수행되었으며, 총 15명의 사람을 궤도에 올려놓았다.그 해에는 ISS 우주비행사들이 5대의 EVA를 보았다.올해 궤도 발사의 대부분은 러시아, 중국, 미국이 각각 29회, 19회, 13회 발사했다.통신 및 항법 위성, 물류 우주선, 과학 탐사선 등 총 139개의 탑재물이 연내에 발사되었다.또한 과학 및 군사 기관에 의해 다수의 준궤도 로켓과 탄도 미사일이 발사되었다.

궤도 우주 비행의 개요

2012년에는 총 77회의 궤도 발사가 시도되었으며 72회의 성공 사례가 보고되었으며, 총 139회의 페이로드가 [1]발사되었다.3대 우주 비행 국가는 29번의 발사와 27번의 성공을 거둔 러시아, 19번의 발사가 모두 성공한 중국, 13번의 발사가 성공한 미국, 12번의 발사와 1번의 [1]부분 실패였다.유럽 국가들은 모두 8번의 궤도 발사를 성공적으로 수행했고 인도와 일본도 각각 2번씩 성공적으로 수행했다.이란과 북한은 2012년 한 차례 궤도 발사에 성공했지만 이란도 한 차례 실패한 반면 북한은 [2][3]한 차례나 실패했다.

유인 우주 비행

2012년 동안 다섯 번의 유인 궤도 발사가 이루어졌고, 모두 성공적으로 이루어졌으며, 총 15명의 우주 비행사들이 궤도에 올랐다.이 임무들 중 4개는 러시아의 소유즈 우주선을 이용하여 비행했고, 5번째는 중국의 선저우 [4]발사였다.그 해의 모든 승무원들은 우주 정거장과 재회했다 – 4개의 소유즈 미션은 국제 우주 정거장과 도킹했고, 중국의 선저우 9호는 톈궁 1호 궤도 실험실과 도킹했다.ISS [5][6][7][8][9]승무원들은 2012년에도 5번의 우주 유영을 했다.

로봇 탐사

8월에 NASA의 큐리오시티 탐사선이 화성에 착륙한 것과 [10]5월과 [11][12]10월에 ISS에 대한 첫 상업적인 보급 임무를 포함하여, 로봇 우주 비행에 있어 수많은 중요한 이정표가 2012년에 일어났다.후자는 또한 스페이스X의 드래곤 우주선이 처음으로 완전히 작동하게 된 계기가 되었다.태양계의 다른 곳에서도, NASA의 여명 우주선은 2012년 [13]9월 베스타 4호에서 임무를 완수했고, 중국은 12월에 첫 소행성 통과를 달성했다.

궤도 발사

일시(UTC) 로켓 편명 발사장소 LSP
페이로드
(예: = CubeSat)		 교환입니다. 궤도 기능. 붕괴(UTC) 결과
언급

1월

1월 9일
03:17:09		 China 긴 3월 4일 China 타이위안 LC-9 China 사스트
China 자위안 3호 MLR 로우 어스(SSO) 지구 관측 궤도에서 동작중[14]
Luxembourg VesselSat-2 럭스페이스 로우 어스(SSO) 통신 2016년 10월[15] 27일 성공적인.
1월 13일
00:56:04		 China 긴 3월 3일 China 시창 LC-3 China 콜트
China 펑윈 2-07[16] CMA 지동기의 기상학 궤도에서 동작중[17]
1월 20일
00:38:00		 United States 델타 IV-M+ (5,4) United States 케이프 커내버럴 SLC-37B United States United Launch Alliance(통합 론칭 얼라이언스)
United States USA-233(WGS-4) 미국 공군 지동기의 통신 궤도에서 동작중[18]
1월 25일
23:06:40		 Russia 소유즈-U Kazakhstan 바이코누르 사이트 1/5 Russia 로스코스모스
Russia 프로그레스 M-14M / 46P 로스코스모스 로우 어스(ISS) ISS 로지스틱스 4월 28일
13:46		 성공했습니다[19]

2월

2월 3일
00:04		 Iran 사피르-1B Iran 셈난 LP-1 Iran ISA
Iran 나비드 ISA 로우 어스 지구 관측 4월 1일[20] 성공했습니다[21]
2월 13일
10:00:00		 Europe 베가 France 쿠루 ELV France 아리아네스페이스
Italy 라레스 ASI 로우 어스 측지 궤도에서 동작중[22]
Italy 알마샛-1[23] 볼로냐 대학교 로우 어스 테크놀로지 데모 궤도에서 동작중[22]
⚀ Spain 삿코베오[24] Vigo/INTA 로우 어스 테크놀로지 데모 2014년 8월 31일 성공했습니다[22]
⚀ Italy UniCubeSat-GG[24] 로마 로우 어스 대기과학 2015년 2월[25] 16일 성공적인.
⚀ France 로부스타[24] 몽펠리에 로우 어스 테크놀로지 데모 2015년 1월[26] 28일 우주선의 부분 고장
⚀ Italy e-st@r[24] 토리노 로우 어스 테크놀로지 데모 2015년 1월[27] 16일 우주선의 부분 고장
⚀ Romania 골리앗[24] 부쿠레슈티 로우 어스 테크놀로지 데모 2014년 12월 31일 우주선의[22] 부분 고장
⚀ Poland PW-Sat[24] 바르샤바 로우 어스 테크놀로지 데모 2014년 10월 28일 성공했습니다[22]
⚀ Hungary 마샛-1 BME 로우 어스 테크놀로지 데모 2015년 1월[28] 9일 성공적인.
베가 로켓의 처녀 비행; LARES와 알마샛-1을 제외한 모든 탑재체 CubeSats.최초의 헝가리, 루마니아, 폴란드 위성.
2월 14일
19:36:37		 Russia PROTO-M / Briz-M 확장 Kazakhstan 바이코누르 사이트 200/39 Russia United States 인터내셔널 론칭 서비스
Netherlands SES-4 SES 월드 스카이 지동기의 통신 궤도에서 동작중[29]
2월 24일
16:12:04		 China 3C년 3월 China 시창 LC-2 China 콜트
China 나침반-G5 CNSA 지동기의 내비게이션 궤도에서 동작중[30]
2월 24일
22:15:00		 United States 아틀라스 V 551 United States 케이프 커내버럴 SLC-41 United States United Launch Alliance(통합 론칭 얼라이언스)
United States MUOS-1 미국 해군 지동기의 통신 궤도에서 동작중[31]

3월

3월 23일
04:34:05		 Europe 아리안 5 ES France 쿠루 ELA-3 France 아리아네스페이스
Europe 에도아르도 아말디 ATV ESA 로우 어스(ISS) ISS 로지스틱스 10월 3일
01:23		 성공했습니다[32]
3월 25일
12:10:32		 Russia PROTO-M / Briz-M 확장 Kazakhstan 바이코누르 사이트 200/39 Russia United States 인터내셔널 론칭 서비스
United States 인텔샛 22 인텔샛 지동기의 통신 궤도에서 동작중[33]
3월 30일
05:49:32		 Russia 프로톤-K / DM-2 Kazakhstan 바이코누르 사이트 81/24 Russia RVSN RF
Russia 코스모스 2479(US-KMO) VKO 지동기의 미사일 방어 궤도에서 동작중[34]
프로톤-K의 마지막 비행, 미국-KMO 위성.
3월 31일
10:27:04		 China 긴 3월 3일 B/E China 시창 LC-2 China 콜트
China Apstar-7 APT 새틀라이트 홀딩스 지동기의 의사소통 궤도에서 동작중[35]

4월

4월 3일
23:12:57		 United States 델타 IV-M+(5,2) United States 반덴베르크 SLC-6 United States United Launch Alliance(통합 론칭 얼라이언스)
United States USA-234 (FIA-R) NRO 로우 어스 정찰 궤도에서 동작중[36]
NRO 출시 25
4월 12일
22:38:55		 North Korea 은하 3호 North Korea 소해 North Korea KCST
North Korea 광명성 3호[37] KCST 목적:로우 어스 테크놀로지 데모 4월 12일 기동[3] 실패
1단계 실패일 가능성이 있고 황해 상공에서 [3]분해되었습니다.
4월 20일
12:50:24		 Russia 소유즈-U Kazakhstan 바이코누르 사이트 31/6 Russia 로스코스모스
Russia 프로그레스 M-15M / 47P 로스코스모스 로우 어스(ISS) ISS 로지스틱스 2012년 8월 20일 성공했습니다[38]
4월 23일
22:18:13		 Russia PROTO-M / Briz-M 확장 Kazakhstan 바이코누르 사이트 200/39 Russia United States 인터내셔널 론칭 서비스
United Arab Emirates 야삿 1B 야삿 지동기의 통신 궤도에서 동작중[39]
4월 26일
00:17		 India PSLV-XL India 사티시 다완 우주 센터 FLP India ISRO
India RISAT-1 ISRO 로우 어스(SSO) 지구 관측[40] 궤도에서 동작중[41]
4월 29일
20:50:03[42] 		China 긴 3월 3일 China 시창 LC-2 China 콜트
China 나침반-M3 CNSA 중지구 내비게이션 궤도에서 동작중[42]
China 나침반-M4 CNSA 중지구 내비게이션 궤도에서 동작중[42]

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5월 4일
18:42:00		 United States 아틀라스 V531 United States SLC-41 United States Alliance United Launch Alliance(United Launch Alliance)
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5일 6시
07:10:04[44] 		China 3월 3 3D 2 2D China SLS-2 China ★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★」
China 1B 톈후이 1B CNSA 로우 어스(SSO) 동작중[44]
5일 10시
07:06:04[45] 		China 3월 ~ 3월 4일 China 타이위안 LC-9 China ★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★」
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China 1 天皇1호 로우 어스(SSO) 11월 11 11 3 3 11 했습니다.
15일 15일
03:01:23		 Russia Kazakhstan 1/ 1 1 1/5 Russia
Russia TMA-04M 로우 어스(ISS) Expedition 31/32 17일 17일
02:53		 성공했습니다[46]
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15일 15일
22:13:07		 Europe 5 France ELA-3 France
Japan JCSAT-13 SKY JSAT 신신 동작중[47]
Vietnam VNPT 신신 동작중[48]
17일 17일
14:05		 Russia Russia 16/2 16216/2 Russia
Russia 코스모스 2480 (코발트-M No.8) 어스 ★★★ 24일 (24일 성공했습니다[49]
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17일 17일
16:39		 Japan H-IIA Japan LA-Y1 Japan
Japan United States GCOM-W1 JAXA / NASA 로우 어스(SSO) 동작중[50]
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Canada 6호 신신 동작중[52]
22일 ~ 22일
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6일 1분
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Europe MSG3MSG 3 EUMETSAT음성 Meteorology기상학 작전 동작중
9July7월 9일
18:38시 30분 18:38시 30분		 Russia PROTO-M / Briz-M 확장 Kazakhstan 81/24 Russia United States Launch (인터내셔널 론치 서비스)
Luxembourg SES-5SES-5 SESSES 신신 동작중[69]
15July7월 15일
02:40:0302:40:03		 Russia Kazakhstan 1/ 1 1 1/5 Russia
Russia 소유즈 TMA-05M소유즈 TMA-05M 로우 어스(ISS) Expedition 32/33 19November11월 19일
01:56		 성공했습니다[70]
비행 ★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★.
~21일
02:06:18[71] 		Japan H-IIB Japan LA-Y2 Japan [72]] [73 ]
Japan 3 로우 어스(ISS) ISS 지 iss iss iss 14일 성공했습니다[74]
⚀ Japan 와카야마/토후쿠 어스 2013년 8월[75] 6일 했습니다.
⚀ Japan FITSAT-1((와-1) 어스 2013년 7월[76] 4일 했습니다.
⚀ Japan We-Wish we we 전기 어스 2013년 3월[77] 11일 했습니다.
⚀ Vietnam F-1 FPT 어스 2013년 5월[78] 정상적으로 전개되었지만 신호가 [79]수신되지 않았습니다.
⚀ United States TechEdSat 어스 2013년 5월[80] 5일 했습니다.
코노토리 3 페이로드 큐브샛츠CubeSats의 ISS.
22일
06:41:39		 Russia 소유즈-FG / 프레갓 Kazakhstan 31/ Russia
Russia V-1 V-1 로우 어스(SSO) 동작중[81]
Belarus BelKA-2 NASRB 로우 어스(SSO) 동작중[81]
Russia Zond-PP 로우 어스(SSO)
우주선[82] 고장
Germany DLR 로우 어스(SSO) 동작중[81]
Canada exact † 1 한 지구 로우 어스(SSO) AIS " " " 동작중[81]
최초의 벨라루스 위성.
25일~25일
15:43:04		 China 월3 33 월3 ★ China (西强) LC-2 China ★★★★
China 天連 I-03 CNSA 신신 동작중[83]
28일 (28일)
01:35:34[84] 		Russia 로콧 / 브리즈-KM Russia 133/3 133/3 Russia
Russia M-3 어스 신신 의 ★★★
Russia M-4 어스 신신 의 ★★★
Russia 코스모스 2481(Strela-3M) 어스 신신 의 ★★★
Russia MiR(유빌리니 2) NPO PM 어스
의 ★★★

8일

8일 1시
19:35:13		 Russia Kazakhstan 1/ 1 1 1/5 Russia
Russia 프로그레스 M-16M / 48P 로우 어스(ISS) ISS 지 iss iss iss 2월 2 2 9 9일 성공했습니다[86]
Russia Sfera-53 어스 기기 atmosp atmosp 11월 24일[87] 성공했습니다[88]
고속 랑데부 테스트;[85] Sfera-53은 8월 20일 18:29 UTC에 ISS에서 우주 유영 중 배치되었습니다.
2일 2시
20:54		 Europe 5 France ELA-3 France 아리아네스페이스
United States 인텔샛 20 인텔샛 지동기의 통신 궤도에서 동작중[89]
United Kingdom HYLAS-2 아반티 지동기의 통신 궤도에서 동작중[89]
8월 6일
19:31:00 [91] 		Russia PROTO-M / Briz-M 확장 Kazakhstan 바이코누르 사이트 81/24 Russia 흐루니체프
Indonesia Telkom-3 PT Telkom 계획:지동기의
달성:중지구 		통신 2021년 2월 5일 기동[93] 실패
Russia Ekspress-MD2 RSCC 계획:지동기의
달성:중지구 		통신 궤도에서
Briz-M 스테이지 장애는 3번째 [90]굽기 7초 후에 발생합니다.무대는 10월 16일 폭발하여 500개 이상의 궤도 파편을 생성했다.
8월 19일
06:54:59		 Ukraine 제니트-3SL Norway 오션 오디세이 United Nations 바다에서의 발사
United States 인텔샛21 인텔샛 지동기의 통신 궤도에서 동작중[94]
8월 30일
08:05:27[97] 		United States 아틀라스 V 401 United States 케이프 커내버럴 SLC-41 United States United Launch Alliance(통합 론칭 얼라이언스)
United States Van Allen 프로브 A(RBSP-A) NASA 고타원형 자기권 연구 궤도에서 성공적인.
United States Van Allen 프로브 B(RBSP-B) NASA 고타원형 자기권 연구 궤도에서 성공적인.
2개의 Van Allen Probe(이전의 방사선 벨트 스톰 프로브)의 발사.밴 앨런 프로브 B는 2019년 [95]7월 19일에 작동을 중단하였고, 밴 앨런 프로브 A는 2019년 [96]10월 18일에 작동을 중단하였다.

9월.

9월 9일
04:23		 India PSLV-CA India 사티시 다완 FLP India ISRO
France 스폿 6 CNES 로우 어스(SSO) 지구 관측 궤도에서 동작중[98]
Japan 프로이트 오사카 공업 대학 로우 어스(SSO) 아마추어 라디오
테크놀로지 데모		 궤도에서 동작중[98]
9월 13일
21:39:00[99] 		United States 아틀라스 V 401 United States 반덴베르크 SLC-3E United States United Launch Alliance(통합 론칭 얼라이언스)
United States USA-238(NOSS) NRO 로우 어스 에린트 궤도에서 동작중
United States USA-238(NOSS) NRO 로우 어스 에린트 궤도에서 동작중
⚀ United States 시네마 1 UCB 로우 어스 자기권 연구 궤도에서 동작중
⚀ United States CXBN 모어헤드 로우 어스 X선 천문학 궤도에서 동작중
⚀ United States CP 5 칼폴리 로우 어스 테크놀로지 데모 궤도에서 동작중
⚀ United States CSSWE CU-볼더 로우 어스 자기권 연구 궤도에서 동작중
⚀ United States 아이네이아스 USC/NRO 로우 어스 테크놀로지 데모 궤도에서 동작중
⚀ United States 응시 A 로렌스 리버모어 로우 어스 테크놀로지 데모 궤도에서 동작중
⚀ United States SMDC-ONE 2.1 미군 로우 어스 테크놀로지 데모 궤도에서 동작중
⚀ United States SMDC-ONE 2.2 미군 로우 어스 테크놀로지 데모 궤도에서 동작중
⚀ United States 에어로큐브 4 항공우주공사 로우 어스 테크놀로지 데모 궤도에서 동작중
⚀ United States 에어로큐브 45A 항공우주공사 로우 어스 테크놀로지 데모 궤도에서 동작중
⚀ United States 에어로큐브 45B 항공우주공사 로우 어스 테크놀로지 데모 궤도에서 동작중
NRO 출시 36
9월 17일
16:28:40		 Russia 소유스-2.1a/프레가트 Kazakhstan 바이코누르 사이트 31/6 Europe Russia 스타샘
Europe MetOp-B 음성 로우 어스(SSO) 기상학 궤도에서 동작중[100]
9월 18일
19:10:04		 China 긴 3월 3일 B/E China 시창 LC-2 China 콜트
China 나침반-M5 CNSA 중지구 내비게이션 궤도에서 동작중[101]
China 나침반-M6 CNSA 중지구 내비게이션 궤도에서 동작중[101]
9월 28일
21:18:07		 Europe 아리안 5 ECA France 쿠루 ELA-3 France 아리아네스페이스
Luxembourg 아스트라 2F SES 지동기의 통신 궤도에서 동작중[102]
India GSAT-10 ISRO 지동기의 통신 궤도에서 동작중[103]
9월 29일[104]
04:12:04		 China 긴 3월 2D China 주취안 SLS-2 China 사스트
Venezuela VRSS-1 MPPCTII 로우 어스(SSO) 지구 관측 궤도에서 동작중[105]

10월

10월 4일
12:10:00		 United States 델타 IV M+(4,2) United States 케이프 커내버럴 SLC-37B United States United Launch Alliance(통합 론칭 얼라이언스)
United States USA-239(GPS IIF-3) 미국 공군 중지구 내비게이션 궤도에서 동작중[106]
10월 8일
00:35:07[108] 		United States Falcon 9 v1.0 United States 케이프 커내버럴 SLC-40 United States 스페이스X
United States SpaceX CRS-1 NASA 로우 어스(ISS) ISS 로지스틱스 10월 28일
19:22[12]		 성공했습니다[12]
United States 오르브콤-2 F1 오르브콤 로우 어스 통신 10월 10일 기동[109][110] 실패
상업용 보급 [107]서비스 프로그램의 첫 비행.1단 엔진 고장으로 Orbcomm 탑재체에는 궤도가 너무 낮았다. 그럼에도 불구하고 CRS-1은 정확한 궤도에 배치되었다.
10월 12일
18:15:01		 Russia 소유즈 ST-B / 프레가트-MT France 쿠루 ELS France 아리아네스페이스
European Union 갈릴레오 IOV 3 ESA 중지구 내비게이션 궤도에서 동작중[111]
European Union 갈릴레오 IOV 4 ESA 중지구 내비게이션 궤도에서 동작중[111]
10월 14일
03:25:05		 China 긴 3월 2C/SMA China 타이위안 LC-9 China CALT
China Shijian 9A CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational[112]
China Shijian 9B CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational[112]
14 October
08:37:00 		Russia Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 81/24 Russia United States International Launch Services
United States Intelsat 23 Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational[113]
23 October
10:51:11[114] 		Russia Soyuz-FG Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 31/6 Russia Roscosmos
Russia Soyuz TMA-06M Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS)[115] Expedition 33/34 16 March 2013
03:06		 Successful[116]
Crewed flight
25 October
15:33:04 		China Long March 3C China Xichang LC-2 China CALT
China Compass-G6 CNSA Geosynchronous Navigation In orbit Operational[118]
Compass navigation system became commercially operational in Asia-Pacific region in December 2012.[117]
31 October
07:41:18 		Russia Soyuz-U Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 1/5 Russia Roscosmos
Russia Progress M-17M / 49P[119] Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 21 April 2013 Successful[120]

November

2 November
21:04:00 		Russia Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 81/24 Russia Roscosmos
Russia Luch 5B Gonets Satellite System Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational[121]
Russia Yamal-300K Gazprom Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational[121]
10 November
21:05:07 		Europe Ariane 5 ECA France Kourou ELA-3 France Arianespace
France Eutelsat 21B Eutelsat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational[122]
Brazil Star One C3 Star One Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational[122]
14 November
11:42:46 		Russia Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat Russia Plesetsk Site 43/4 Russia VKO
Russia Meridian 6 VKO Molniya Communications In orbit Operational[123]
18 November
22:53:04[124] 		China Long March 2C China Taiyuan LC-9 China CALT
China Huanjing 1C CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
China Xinyan 1 CASC Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 5 October 2019 Successful[125]
China Fengniao 1 SAST Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
China Fengniao 1A SAST Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
20 November
18:31:00 		Russia Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 200/39 Russia United States International Launch Services
United States EchoStar XVI EchoStar Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational[126]
25 November
04:06:04 		China Long March 4C China Jiuquan SLS-2 China SAST
China Yaogan 16A CNSA Low Earth ELINT In orbit Operational[127]
China Yaogan 16B CNSA Low Earth ELINT In orbit Operational[127]
China Yaogan 16C CNSA Low Earth ELINT In orbit Operational[127]
27 November
10:13:03[128] 		China Long March 3B/E China Xichang LC-2 China CALT
China Sri Lanka ChinaSat 12 / SupremeSAT-I China Satcom / SupremeSAT Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational[128]
Part of satellite's communications payload was leased to SupremeSAT, a Sri Lankan satellite operator, as SupremeSAT-I.

December

2 December
02:02:51 		Russia Soyuz ST-A / Fregat France Kourou ELS France Arianespace
France Pléiades-HR 1B CNES Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational[129]
3 December
20:43:59 		Ukraine Zenit-3SL Norway Ocean Odyssey United Nations Sea Launch
France Eutelsat 70B Eutelsat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational[130]
8 December
13:13:43 		Russia Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 200/39 Russia United States International Launch Services
Russia Yamal-402 Gazprom Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational; partial launch failure[132]
Briz-M stage failure 4 minutes before scheduled shut down on its fourth burn.[131]
11 December
18:03 		United States Atlas V 501 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-41 United States United Launch Alliance
United States USA-240 (X-37B OTV-3) U.S. Air Force Low Earth Technology demonstration 17 October 2014 Successful[133][134]
270-day X-37B endurance mission ultimately extended to over 680 days.[133]
12 December
00:49:46[137][138] 		North Korea Unha-3 North Korea Sohae North Korea KCST
North Korea Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2 KCST Low Earth Technology demonstration In orbit Spacecraft failure[136]
First successful North Korean orbital launch, first North Korean satellite;[135] satellite reached orbit but malfunctioned thereafter.[136]
18 December
16:13:04[139] 		China Long March 2D China Jiuquan SLS-2 China SAST
Turkey Göktürk-2 MSB Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational[140]
19 December
12:12:35 		Russia Soyuz-FG Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 1/5 Russia Roscosmos
Russia Soyuz TMA-07M Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 34/35 14 May 2013
02:31		 Successful[141]
Crewed flight
19 December
21:49:07 		Europe Ariane 5 ECA France Kourou ELA-3 France Arianespace
United Kingdom Skynet 5D Astrium Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational[142]
Mexico Mexsat-3 SCT Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational[142]
Skynet 5D military communications satellite operated by Astrium Services on behalf of the British Ministry of Defence.

Suborbital flights

Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat) 		Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks
11 January
13:25 		United States Terrier-Improved Malemute[143] United States Wallops Island United StatesNASA
NASA Suborbital Test flight 11 January Successful[144]
11 January
20:51 		Japan S-520 Japan Uchinoura Japan JAXA
JAXA/HU/TU/TU/TPU/KU/KUT Suborbital Atmospheric science 11 January Successful[145]
24 January Israel Arrow III Israel Negev Israel IAI
IAI/IDF Suborbital ABM Test 24 January Successful[146]
First test flight of the Arrow-III
10 February
04:40 		India Prithvi IndiaITR IC-4 IndiaDRDO
DRDO Suborbital Target 10 February Successful[147]
Target for ABM test, successfully intercepted
10 February Israel Blue Sparrow Israel F-15 Eagle, Israel IsraelIAF
Israeli Air Force Suborbital ABM target 10 February Successful[148]
Arrow-3 tracking target
13 February
09:32 		Brazil VSB-30 SwedenEsrange EuropeEuroLaunch
Sweden MASER-12 SSC Suborbital Microgravity 13 February Successful[149]
19 February
05:41 		Canada Black Brant IX United States Poker Flat United StatesNASA
UNH Suborbital Auroral research 19 February Successful[150]
22 February United States UGM-133 Trident II D5 United StatesUSS Tennessee, ETR United StatesUS Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test 22 February Successful[151]
Demonstration and Shakedown Operation 23 (DASO-23)
25 February
10:46 		United States LGM-30G Minuteman III United States Vandenberg LF-09 United States US Air Force
US Air Force Suborbital Test flight 25 February Successful[152]
22 March
09:00 		CanadaBlack Brant IX United StatesWhite Sands United StatesNASA
United States CIBER Caltech Suborbital Astronomy 22 March Successful[153]
27 March
08:58 		United States Terrier-Oriole United States Wallops Island United States NASA
United States ATREX Clemson Suborbital Geospace 27 March Successful[154]
27 March
08:59 		United States Terrier-Improved Malemute United States Wallops Island United StatesNASA
United StatesATREX Clemson Suborbital Geospace 27 March Successful[154]
27 March
09:00 		United States Terrier-Orion United States Wallops Island United StatesNASA
United StatesATREX Clemson Suborbital Geospace 27 March Successful[154]
27 March
09:02 		United States Terrier-Improved Malemute United States Wallops Island United StatesNASA
United StatesATREX Clemson Suborbital Geospace 27 March Successful[154]
27 March
09:03 		United States Terrier-Orion United States Wallops Island United StatesNASA
United StatesATREX Clemson Suborbital Geospace 27 March Successful[154]
5 April
14:18 		United States SpaceLoft XL United States Spaceport America United States UP Aerospace
ORS Suborbital Technology demonstration 5 April Successful[155]
Apogee: 117 kilometres (73 mi), successfully recovered
14 April United States UGM-133 Trident II D5 United StatesUSS Maryland, ETR United States US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Test flight 14 April Successful[156]
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 45
14 April United StatesUGM-133 Trident II D5 United StatesUSS Maryland, ETR United StatesUS Navy
US Navy Suborbital Test flight 14 April Successful[156]
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 45
16 April United StatesUGM-133 Trident II D5 United StatesUSS Maryland, ETR United StatesUS Navy
US Navy Suborbital Test flight 16 April Successful[156]
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 46
16 April United StatesUGM-133 Trident II D5 United StatesUSS Maryland, ETR United StatesUS Navy
US Navy Suborbital Test flight 16 April Successful[156]
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 46
19 April
02:37 		India Agni-V India Integrated Test Range India DRDO
DRDO Suborbital Test flight 19 April Successful[157]
Apogee: 800 kilometres (500 mi), maiden flight of Agni-V
23 April Brazil VS-30/Orion Norway Andøya Australia DSTO
Australia HiFire-5 DSTO Suborbital Technology demonstration 23 April Launch failure
Hypersonic research experiment, second stage of launch vehicle failed to ignite
25 April Pakistan Shaheen-IA Pakistan Sonmiani Pakistan ASFC
ASFC Suborbital Test flight 25 April Successful[158]
10 May
06:18 		United States Terrier Orion (ARAV-A) FTM-16 E2a United States Kauai United States MDA
MDA Suborbital ABM target 10 May Successful[159]
SM-3 Block 1B target
10 May
06:21 		United States RIM-161C SM-3 Block 1B FTM-16 E2a United States USS Lake Erie, Pacific Ocean United States US Navy
US Navy Suborbital ABM test 10 May Successful[159]
ARAV-A interceptor, successful intercept
23 May
06:15 		Russia RS-26 Rubezh Russia Plesetsk Russia RVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test 23 May Successful[160]
7 June
17:39 		RussiaRS-12M Topol Russia Kapustin Yar RussiaRVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test 7 June Successful[161]
21 June
10:40 		United States Terrier Improved Orion United States Wallops Island United StatesNASA
United States RockOn Colorado Suborbital Student experiments 21 June Successful[162]
22 June
19:18 		Brazil VS-40 NorwayAndøya NorwayAndøya
Germany SHEFEX II DLR Suborbital Technology demonstration 22 June Successful[163]
23 June
19:30 		CanadaBlack Brant IX United StatesWhite Sands United StatesNASA
United States EVE CU Boulder Suborbital SDO calibration 23 June Successful[164]
27 June
09:15 		United States Castor 4B FTM-18 United States Kauai United States MDA
MDA Suborbital ABM target 27 June Successful[165]
SM-3 Block 1B target
27 June
09:18 		United States RIM-161C SM-3 Block 1B FTM-18 United States USS Lake Erie, Pacific Ocean United States US Navy
US Navy Suborbital ABM test 27 June Successful[165]
Castor 4B interceptor, successful intercept
3 July Iran Shahab-1 IranIran IranIRGC
IGRC Suborbital Missile test 3 July Successful[166]
Apogee: ~100 kilometres (62 mi)
3 July IranShahab-2 IranIran IranIGRC
IRGC Suborbital Missile test 3 July Successful[166]
Apogee: ~100 kilometres (62 mi)
3 July Iran Shahab-3 IranIran IranIRGC
IRGC Suborbital Missile test 3 July Successful[166]
Apogee: ~150 kilometres (93 mi)
5 July
18:50 		CanadaBlack Brant IX United StatesWhite Sands United StatesNASA
United States SUMI NASA/MSFC Suborbital Solar research 5 July Successful[167]
11 July
18:50 		CanadaBlack Brant IX United StatesWhite Sands United StatesNASA
United States Hi-C NASA/MSFC Suborbital Solar research 11 July Successful[168]
13 July
04:36 		India Agni-I India Integrated Test Range India IDRDL
IDRDL Suborbital Missile test 13 July Successful[169]
Apogee: ~200 kilometres (120 mi)
23 July
11:01 		Canada Black Brant XI United StatesWallops Island United StatesNASA
United States IRVE-3 NASA/Langley Suborbital Atmospheric entry test 23 July Successful[170]
Apogee: ~285 miles (459 km); part of the Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator programme
24 July
19:17 		CanadaBlack Brant IX United StatesWhite Sands United StatesNASA
United States DFS USC Suborbital Solar research 24 July Successful[171]
7 August
07:30:00[172] 		Japan S-310 Japan Uchinoura Japan JAXA
Japan[173] UT/JAXA/AGU/TKD/NU/TU/KIT Suborbital Technology demonstration 7 August Successful[174]
9 August
03:16 		India Agni-II India ITR IC-4 India Indian Army
Indian Army Suborbital Missile test 9 August Successful[175]
Apogee: 220 kilometres (140 mi)
12 September United States Terrier-Lynx United States Wallops Island United States DoD
United States Shark DoD Suborbital Radar target 12 September Successful[176]
Apogee: ~300 kilometres (190 mi)
13 September
12:30 		United States Juno United States Fort Wingate LC-96 United StatesUS Army
US Army Suborbital Target 13 September Successful[177]
Target for MIM-104 Patriot PAC-3 MSE test, successfully intercepted
13 September Brazil VS-30/Orion Norway Andøya Australia DSTO
Australia HiFire-3 DSTO Suborbital Technology demonstration 13 September Successful[178]
Hypersonic research experiment, Apogee: 349 kilometres (217 mi)
19 September
11:45[179] 		India Agni-IV India ITR IC-4 India Indian Army
Indian Army Suborbital Missile test 19 September Successful
Apogee: 800 kilometres (500 mi)
21 September
13:15[180] 		India Agni-III India ITR IC-4 India Indian Army
Indian Army Suborbital Missile test 21 September Successful
Apogee: 450 kilometres (280 mi)
21 September
11:16 		United States Terrier Improved Malemute United States Wallops Island United StatesNASA
United States RockSat-X NASA Suborbital Student experiments 21 September Successful[181]
Apogee: ~153 kilometres (95 mi)
22 September
11:00 		United States Talos Terrier Oriole United States Wallops Island United StatesNASA
NASA Suborbital Rocket test 22 September Successful[182]
Apogee: ~269 kilometres (167 mi)
4 October
03:37 		India Prithvi II India Integrated Test Range Launch Complex 3 India DRDO
DRDO Suborbital Missile test 4 October Successful[183]
Apogee: ~100 kilometres (62 mi)
5 October
05:55 		India Dhanush IndiaShip, Indian Ocean India DRDO
DRDO Suborbital Target 5 October Successful[184]
Apogee: ~100 kilometres (62 mi)
19 October
09:12 		RussiaTopol M2 RussiaPlesetsk RussiaRVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test 19 October Successful[185]
19 October Russia R-29R Volna Russia K-433 Svyatoy Georgiy Pobedonosets, Sea of Okhotsk RussiaVMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 19 October Successful[185]
23 October United StatesUGM-133 Trident II D5 United KingdomHMS Vigilant United Kingdom Royal Navy
Royal Navy Suborbital Missile test 23 October Successful[186]
24 October
18:29 		Russia RS-26 Rubezh Russia Kapustin Yar Russia RVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test 24 October Successful[187]
25 October United StatesLong Range Air Launch Target FTI-01 C-17 Globemaster III, Pacific Ocean United StatesMDA
MDA/IMDO Suborbital ABM target 25 October Successful[188]
Target for THAAD, successful intercept
25 October United States THAAD FTI-01 United States Meck Island United States US Army
US Army/MDA Suborbital ABM test 25 October Successful[188]
Intercepted target missile
25 October United States (ARAV-B) FTI-01 United States Wake Island United States MDA
MDA Suborbital ABM target 25 October Successful[188]
SM-3 Block 1A target
25 October United States SM-3 Block 1A FTI-01 United States USS Fitzgerald (DDG-62), Pacific Ocean United States US Navy
US Navy Suborbital ABM test 25 October Spacecraft failure[188]
ARAV-B interceptor, intercept failed
25 October United States SRBM United States Kwajalein United States MDA
MDA Suborbital ABM target 25 October Successful[188]
FTI-01, Patriot PAC-3 target, successfully intercepted
2 November
17:55 		CanadaBlack Brant IX United StatesWhite Sands United StatesNASA
United States FOXSI UC Berkeley Suborbital Solar research 2 November Successful[189]
14 November
11:07 		United StatesLGM-30G Minuteman III United StatesVandenberg LF-10 United StatesUS Air Force
US Air Force Suborbital Test flight 14 November Successful[190]
21 November
10:55 		CanadaBlack Brant IX United StatesWhite Sands United StatesNASA
United StatesIMAGER University of Massachusetts Suborbital Astronomy 21 November Successful[191]
23 November India Prithvi IndiaITR IC-4 IndiaDRDO
DRDO Suborbital Target 23 November Successful[192]
Target for ABM test, successfully intercepted
25 November
11:20 		United States Nike-Orion Sweden Esrange Europe EuroLaunch
Germany MAPHEUS-3 DLR Suborbital Technology demonstration 25 November Successful[193]
Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
28 November Pakistan Ghauri Pakistan Tilla PakistanArmy of Pakistan
Pakistan Haft-5 Army of Pakistan Suborbital Missile test 28 November Successful[194]
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
8 December
21:00 		Brazil VS-30/Orion Brazil Alcântara Brazil AEB
BrazilIguaiba INPE Suborbital Microgravity 8 December Successful[195]
Apogee: 428 kilometres (266 mi)
13 December
05:20 		CanadaBlack Brant IX United StatesWhite Sands United StatesNASA
United StatesDXL U of M Suborbital Astronomy 13 December Successful[196]
17 December
07:00[197] 		Japan S-520 Japan Uchinoura Japan JAXA
Japan Tohoku/JAXA/Tokai Suborbital Microgravity 17 December Successful[198]
Apogee: 312 kilometres (194 mi)
20 December
03:51 		India Prithvi II IndiaITR IC-3 IndiaDRDO
Strategic Force Command Suborbital Missile test 20 December Successful[199]
Apogee: ~100 kilometres (62 mi)

Deep space rendezvous

Date (UTC) Spacecraft Event Remarks
1 January GRAIL-B Lunar orbit insertion Joined its twin, GRAIL-A, which entered lunar orbit on 31 December 2011.[200]
2 January Cassini 80th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 29,415 kilometres (18,278 mi).[201]
30 January Cassini 81st flyby of Titan Closest approach: 31,131 kilometres (19,344 mi).[201]
19 February Cassini 82nd flyby of Titan Closest approach: 3,803 kilometres (2,363 mi).[201]
9 March Cassini Flyby of Enceladus Closest approach: 9,000 kilometres (5,600 mi).[201]
27 March Cassini 17th flyby of Enceladus Closest approach: 74 kilometres (46 mi).[201]
14 April Cassini 18th flyby of Enceladus
Flyby of Tethys 		Closest approach to Enceladus: 74 kilometres (46 mi).[201]
Closest approach to Tethys: 9,000 kilometres (5,600 mi).[201]
2 May Cassini 20th flyby of Enceladus
Flyby of Dione 		Closest approach to Enceladus: 74 kilometres (46 mi).[201]
Closest approach to Dione: 8,000 kilometres (5,000 mi).[201]
20 May Cassini Flyby of Methone
Flyby of Telesto 		Closest approach to Methone: 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi).[201]
Closest approach to Telesto: 11,000 kilometres (6,800 mi).[201]
21 May Cassini 83rd flyby of Titan Closest approach: 955 kilometres (593 mi).[201]
6 June Cassini 84th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 959 kilometres (596 mi).[201]
24 July Cassini 85th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,012 kilometres (629 mi).[201]
6 August Curiosity Landing on Mars in Gale Crater Used the Sky Crane soft landing system. Successful landing at 05:14 UTC at coordinates 4°35′22″S 137°26′30″E / 4.5895°S 137.4417°E / -4.5895; 137.4417.[10]
5 September[13][202] Dawn Leaving Vestiocentric orbit Headed for Ceres, which it reached on 6 March 2015.[203]
26 September Cassini 86th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 956 kilometres (594 mi).[201]
13 November Cassini 87th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 973 kilometres (605 mi).[201]
29 November Cassini 88th flyby of Titan Closest approach to Titan: 1,014 kilometres (630 mi).[201]
13 December Chang'e 2 Flyby of 4179 Toutatis First Chinese asteroid flyby. Closest approach to 4179 Toutatis: less than 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) (770 metres).[204]
17 December GRAIL Lunar impact at "Sally K. Ride" site Both GRAIL satellites concluded their mission by impacting the Moon's surface.[205][206]
22 December Cassini Distant flyby of Titan
Flyby of Rhea 		Closest approach to Titan: 715,000 kilometres (444,000 mi).[201]
Closest approach to Rhea: 23,000 kilometres (14,000 mi).[201]

EVAs

Start Date/Time Duration End Time Spacecraft Crew Remarks
16 February
14:31[5] 		6 hours
15 minutes 		20:46 Expedition 29/30

ISS Pirs

Russia Oleg Kononenko

Russia Anton Shkaplerov

Moved Strela 1 crane from ISS Pirs module to Poisk module, installed four materials experiments on the exterior of the ISS, and installed supporting struts on the EVA ladder on Pirs.
20 August
16:37[6] 		5 hours
51 minutes 		22:28 Expedition 31/32

ISS Pirs

Russia Gennady Padalka

Russia Yuri Malenchenko

Relocated Strela 2 telescoping boom from Pirs docking compartment to Zarya control module, in preparation for undocking of Pirs, which will pave the way for arrival of the Russian Multipurpose Laboratory Module in 2013. Also installed micrometeoroid debris shields on Zvezda service module, retrieved two experiments from Pirs' exterior, installed two support struts for hatch ladder and deployed two small tracking satellites.[88]
30 August
12:16 		8 hours
17 minutes 		20:33 Expedition 31/32

ISS Quest

United States Sunita Williams

Japan Akihiko Hoshide

Connected two power cables between the US and Russian orbital segments; removed and replaced Main Bus Switching Unit (MBSU) 1. The crew had difficulty in removing connecting bolts of the old MBSU, and were unable to tighten up the bolts for the new unit. The new MBSU was tied down for future trouble-shooting, with all other tasks deferred to a future EVA. Third-longest EVA in history.[7]
5 September
11:06 		6 hours
28 minutes 		17:34 Expedition 31/32

ISS Quest

United States Sunita Williams

Japan Akihiko Hoshide

Installed the new MBSU unit, working around difficulty with one of the bolts; replaced one of the cameras mounted on the Canadarm2. During this spacewalk, Sunita Williams broke Peggy Whitson's 2007 record for most total time spacewalking by a woman.[8][207]
1 November
12:29 		6 hours
38 minutes 		19:07 Expedition 32/33

ISS Quest

United States Sunita Williams

Japan Akihiko Hoshide

Reconfigured and isolated a leak in the ammonia cooling system of power channel 2B on the P6 truss by bypassing a leaking cooling loop and re-connecting jumpers to an unused loop of the Early External Thermal Control System (EETCS), and by redeploying the trailing Thermal Control Radiator of the system.[9][208]

Orbital launch statistics

By country

For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. For example, Soyuz launches by Arianespace in Kourou are counted under Russia because Soyuz-2 is a Russian rocket.

China: 19Europe: 8India: 2Iran: 2Japan: 2North Korea: 2Russia: 26Ukraine: 3USA: 13Circle frame.svg
Country Launches Successes Failures Partial
failures 		Remarks
China 19 19 0 0
Europe 8 8 0 0
India 2 2 0 0
Iran 2 1 1 0
Japan 2 2 0 0
North Korea 2 1 1 0 First successful orbital launch
Russia 26 24 1 1 Includes two European Soyuz launches from Kourou, French Guiana by Arianespace
Ukraine 3 3 0 0 Includes three Zenit from Sea Launch
United States 13 12 0 1
World 77 72 3 2

By rocket

By family

By type

By configuration

By spaceport

5
10
15
20
25
30
China
France
India
International waters
Iran
Japan
Kazakhstan
Marshall Islands
North Korea
Russia
United States
Site Country Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks
Baikonur Kazakhstan 21 19 1 1
Cape Canaveral United States 10 9 0 1
Kourou France 10 10 0 0
Jiuquan China 5 5 0 0
Kwajalein Marshall Islands 1 1 0 0
Ocean Odyssey United Nations International waters 3 3 0 0
Plesetsk Russia 3 3 0 0
Satish Dhawan India 2 2 0 0
Semnan Iran 2 1 1 0
Sohae North Korea 2 1 1 0
Tanegashima Japan 2 2 0 0
Taiyuan China 5 5 0 0
Vandenberg United States 2 2 0 0
Xichang China 9 9 0 0
Total 77 72 3 2

By orbit

  • Transatmospheric
  • Low Earth
  • Low Earth (ISS)
  • Low Earth (SSO)
  • Low Earth (retrograde)
  • Medium Earth
  • Geosychronous
    (transfer)
  • Inclined GSO
  • High Earth
  • Heliocentric
Orbital regime Launches Successes Failures Accidentally
achieved 		Remarks
Transatmospheric 0 0 0 0
Low Earth 39 37 2 0 12 to ISS, 1 to Tiangong-1
Medium Earth / Molniya 5 5 0 1
Geosynchronous / GTO 32 31 1 0
High Earth / Lunar transfer 1 1 0 0
Heliocentric / Planetary transfer 0 0 0 0
Total 77 74 3 1

See also

References

Generic references:

Spaceflight portal
  • Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
  • Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
  • Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.
  • Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
  • Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report".
  • McDowell, Jonathan. "Jonathan's Space Report".
  • Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
  • Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
  • Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
  • Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
  • "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
  • "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
  • "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
  • "Space Information Center". JAXA.
  • "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).

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