피해자 페미니즘

피해자 페미니즘은 1990년대에 일부 자유주의자와 페미니즘주의 페미니스트들이 페미니즘에 대한 그들의 개념을 다른 페미니스트들과 대조하기 위해 사용한 용어이다. 그들은 여성들이 약하거나 기관이 부족하기 때문에 ^[1]보호될 필요가 있다고 생각한다. 페미니즘

나오미 울프는 피해자 페미니즘과 권력 페미니즘을 대비시킨다. 페미니즘그녀의 견해로는, 피해 여성주의자들은 여성을 "에워지고, 연약하고, 직관적인 천사"로 표현하기 때문에 여성들이 실제로 가진 권력에 대한 책임을 지는 것을 막는다.페미니즘의 다양한 특성들 중에서,^[2] 울프는 그것이 여성들에게 이러한 자질들을 무시하면서 남성이나 그들의 가부장제에게 폭력과 경쟁심을 투영한다고 쓰고 있다.

콜린 그랜트는 울프의 힘과 피해자 이분법이 여성주의자들이 겪는 책임에 대처하는 방법의 차이에 뿌리를 두고 있다고 설명했습니다: 피해자 페미니즘은 단지 그것들에 연연하는 반면, 힘 페미니즘은 도전하고 극복하려는 목적으로 그것들을 식별하려고 합니다.그랜트는 또한 울프 자신이 양쪽을 모두 수용한 것으로 보인다고 언급한다: 그녀의 책 아름다운 신화는 피해자 페미니즘 진영에서 나온 것으로 보이지만, Fire with Fire Wolf가 권력 페미니즘 ^[3]쪽으로 전환되면서. 페미니즘

"피해자" 대 "권력"이라는 이분법이 너무 광범위하게 정의되어 울프의 주장이 ^[4]사라졌다는 비판을^{[by whom?]} 받았다.게다가 그것은 다양하고 근본적으로 다른 페미니스트 학교들을 하나로 묶고, 이러한 혼란은 ^[5]반여성주의자들의 수사학에 도움을 준다.

피해자 페미니즘은 성 페미니즘에서 부정적인 경향으로 묘사되었다^{[by whom?]}. 페미니즘보다 긍정적인 경향은 남성의 ^[3]"가부장적" 관점에 의해 강요된 것과는 대조적으로 여성의 경험과 관점의 (성, 도덕성 등에 관한) 차이를 긍정적인 대안으로 인식한다.

나오미 울프의 '파이어 위드 파이어'와 케이티 로이페의 '더 모닝 애프터'는 상당한 언론의 관심을 받았다.그들은 현대 대중 ^[6]문화에서 여성주의적 주제의 지배에 대한 반격의 일부로 묘사되었다^{[by whom?]}.

울프와 로이페의 주장 중 하나는 피해자에 대한 강조가 여성들이 연약하고 연약하다는 고정관념을 강화한다는 것이다.그러나 "권력 페미니즘" 형태의 그들의 해결책은 단순하다고 주장했는데, 이는 여성의 종속의 체계적 성격을 고려하지 못하기 때문이다.전체적으로 '피해자 대 권력'이라는 이분법은 거짓이고 근본적으로 부적절하며 '문제적 극단'^[6]으로 이어졌다.

성학자인 레베카 스트링거는 울프와 로이페 외에도, 다른 페미니스트 작가들이 여성을 희생자로 묘사하는 것을 비판하고 대리인을 긍정하는 페미니즘 브랜드를 홍보했다고 쓰고 있다. 페미니스트그들은 카밀 파글리아, 크리스티나 호프 소머스, 나타샤 월터, 르네 ^[7]덴펠드를 포함한다.이 작가들 각각은 1990년대에 베티 프리단과 저메인 그리어의 ^[7]이전 작품들처럼 행동 촉구라는 틀에 박힌 페미니즘에 관한 인기 있는 책을 썼다.Stringer에 따르면, 1990년대 "신자유주의"^[7]에 반대하는 이러한 경향은 동시에 일어나는 신자유주의와 관련이 있다.동시에, 그녀의 책 "Knowing Dempens Stringer"는 이러한 "여성 페미니즘"에 대한 비판은 페미니즘ency를 긍정하는 것이 아니라, 오히려 여성의 에이전시 능력을 문제화하고 여성의 개인적 책임의 부족을 선언하는 것이라고 주장하는데, 이는 Stringer가 보기에,^[8] 피해자 비난과 유사하다.

엘리자베스 슈나이더는 여성을 피해자나 대리인으로 보는 시각은 불완전하고 정적인 페미니즘라고 주장하며 법적 관점에서 페미니즘의 이분법을 비판한다.그녀는 첫째, 두 가지 개념은 너무 좁고 불완전하며, 둘째, 스펙트럼의 반대 극이 아니라 독립적이며, ^[9]여성의 경험에 상호 연관된 차원이라고 지적한다.

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^
인용문:
- Schneider, Elizabeth M. (1993). "Feminism and the False Dichotomy of Victimization and Agency". New York Law School Law Review. 38: 397. An earlier version of this essay was presented at a panel on "Victim Feminism" at the Law and Society Association 1994 Annual Meeting. HeinOnline으로도 사용할 수 있습니다. 페미니즘
- Goldberg, Carole (29 December 1993). "Feminist War Is Won". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 26 February 2016. Fire announces a "genderquake" - a resurgence of female political power. And it says it's time to reject the "victim" feminism that casts women as powerless objects of male malevolence in favor of a new "power" feminism that enables women
- Beck, Joan (23 January 1994). "Feminist Indifference to Children a Key Weakness". The Buffalo News. Buffalo, NY. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 26 February 2016. most women don't fully understand yet that a "genderquake" has occurred. The time has come to shuck "victim feminism" and its sexist whining and embrace "power feminism," the better for women to reach out and claim their fair share
- Pollitt, Katha (21 February 1994). "Subject to Debate". The Nation. Archived from the original on 3 May 2016. Retrieved 26 February 2016. The current attack on "victim feminism" is partly a class phenomenon, a kind of status anxiety.
- Abrams, Kathryn (April 1994). "Review: Songs of Innocence and Experience: Dominance Feminism in the University" (PDF). The Yale Law Journal. 103 (6): 1533–1560. doi:10.2307/797093. JSTOR 797093. If these movements are not to work at cross-purposes, feminists in both genres ought to give thought to their inter-relations: writers like Roiphe, Paglia, and Naomi Wolf might have had more difficulty making a target out of victim feminism, for example, if academic feminists had ...
- Raven, Arlene (Summer 1994). "Judy Chicago: The Artist Critics Love to Hate". On the Issues. Naomi Wolf, in her Fire with Fire, defines victim feminism as women seeking power "through an identity of powerlessness." Two features of victim feminism according to Wolf are: identifying with powerlessness even at the expense of taking responsibility for the power women do possess; and putting community first, hence being hostile toward individual achievement
^ Cole, Alyson Manda (2007). "Victims on a pedestal: anti-"victim feminism" and women's oppression". The cult of true victimhood: from the war on welfare to the war on terror. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. pp. 50–51. ISBN 9780804754613.
^ ^a ^b Grant, Colin (1998). "A sex myth: feminist proposals". Myths we live by. Ottawa, Ontario: University of Ottawa Press. pp. 122–124. ISBN 9780776604442.
^ Henry, Astrid (2004). "Daughterhood is powerful: the emergence of feminism's third wave". Not my mother's sister: generational conflict and third-wave feminism. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. p. 28. ISBN 9780253111227.
^ Hammer, Rhonda (2002). "Culture wars over feminism: Paglia, Wolf, and Hoff Sommers". Antifeminism and family terrorism: a critical feminist perspective. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 61–62. ISBN 9780742510500.
^ ^a ^b Schneider, Elizabeth M. (2000). "Beyond victimization and agency". Battered women & feminist lawmaking. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 74–75. ISBN 9780300128932.
^ ^a ^b ^c Stringer, Rebecca (2014). "Victims left, right and centre: constructing 'victim feminism'". Knowing Victims: Feminism, agency and victim politics in neoliberal times. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. pp. 17–18. ISBN 9781134746019.
^ Stringer, 페이지 20
^ Schneider, Elizabeth M. (1993). "Feminism and the False Dichotomy of Victimization and Agency". New York Law School Law Review. 38: 387–399. HeinOnline으로도 사용 가능합니다. 페미니즘

[1] 인용문:
Schneider, Elizabeth M. (1993). "Feminism and the False Dichotomy of Victimization and Agency". New York Law School Law Review. 38: 397. An earlier version of this essay was presented at a panel on "Victim Feminism" at the Law and Society Association 1994 Annual Meeting. HeinOnline으로도 사용할 수 있습니다. 페미니즘

Goldberg, Carole (29 December 1993). "Feminist War Is Won". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 26 February 2016. Fire announces a "genderquake" - a resurgence of female political power. And it says it's time to reject the "victim" feminism that casts women as powerless objects of male malevolence in favor of a new "power" feminism that enables women

Beck, Joan (23 January 1994). "Feminist Indifference to Children a Key Weakness". The Buffalo News. Buffalo, NY. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 26 February 2016. most women don't fully understand yet that a "genderquake" has occurred. The time has come to shuck "victim feminism" and its sexist whining and embrace "power feminism," the better for women to reach out and claim their fair share

Pollitt, Katha (21 February 1994). "Subject to Debate". The Nation. Archived from the original on 3 May 2016. Retrieved 26 February 2016. The current attack on "victim feminism" is partly a class phenomenon, a kind of status anxiety.

Abrams, Kathryn (April 1994). "Review: Songs of Innocence and Experience: Dominance Feminism in the University" (PDF). The Yale Law Journal. 103 (6): 1533–1560. doi:10.2307/797093. JSTOR 797093. If these movements are not to work at cross-purposes, feminists in both genres ought to give thought to their inter-relations: writers like Roiphe, Paglia, and Naomi Wolf might have had more difficulty making a target out of victim feminism, for example, if academic feminists had ...

Raven, Arlene (Summer 1994). "Judy Chicago: The Artist Critics Love to Hate". On the Issues. Naomi Wolf, in her Fire with Fire, defines victim feminism as women seeking power "through an identity of powerlessness." Two features of victim feminism according to Wolf are: identifying with powerlessness even at the expense of taking responsibility for the power women do possess; and putting community first, hence being hostile toward individual achievement

[2] Schneider, Elizabeth M. (1993). "Feminism and the False Dichotomy of Victimization and Agency". New York Law School Law Review. 38: 397. An earlier version of this essay was presented at a panel on "Victim Feminism" at the Law and Society Association 1994 Annual Meeting. HeinOnline으로도 사용할 수 있습니다. 페미니즘

[3] Goldberg, Carole (29 December 1993). "Feminist War Is Won". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 26 February 2016. Fire announces a "genderquake" - a resurgence of female political power. And it says it's time to reject the "victim" feminism that casts women as powerless objects of male malevolence in favor of a new "power" feminism that enables women

[4] Beck, Joan (23 January 1994). "Feminist Indifference to Children a Key Weakness". The Buffalo News. Buffalo, NY. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 26 February 2016. most women don't fully understand yet that a "genderquake" has occurred. The time has come to shuck "victim feminism" and its sexist whining and embrace "power feminism," the better for women to reach out and claim their fair share

[5] Pollitt, Katha (21 February 1994). "Subject to Debate". The Nation. Archived from the original on 3 May 2016. Retrieved 26 February 2016. The current attack on "victim feminism" is partly a class phenomenon, a kind of status anxiety.

[6] Abrams, Kathryn (April 1994). "Review: Songs of Innocence and Experience: Dominance Feminism in the University" (PDF). The Yale Law Journal. 103 (6): 1533–1560. doi:10.2307/797093. JSTOR 797093. If these movements are not to work at cross-purposes, feminists in both genres ought to give thought to their inter-relations: writers like Roiphe, Paglia, and Naomi Wolf might have had more difficulty making a target out of victim feminism, for example, if academic feminists had ...

[7] Raven, Arlene (Summer 1994). "Judy Chicago: The Artist Critics Love to Hate". On the Issues. Naomi Wolf, in her Fire with Fire, defines victim feminism as women seeking power "through an identity of powerlessness." Two features of victim feminism according to Wolf are: identifying with powerlessness even at the expense of taking responsibility for the power women do possess; and putting community first, hence being hostile toward individual achievement

[2] Cole, Alyson Manda (2007). "Victims on a pedestal: anti-"victim feminism" and women's oppression". The cult of true victimhood: from the war on welfare to the war on terror. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. pp. 50–51. ISBN 9780804754613.

[Grant-3] Grant, Colin (1998). "A sex myth: feminist proposals". Myths we live by. Ottawa, Ontario: University of Ottawa Press. pp. 122–124. ISBN 9780776604442.

[4] Henry, Astrid (2004). "Daughterhood is powerful: the emergence of feminism's third wave". Not my mother's sister: generational conflict and third-wave feminism. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. p. 28. ISBN 9780253111227.

[5] Hammer, Rhonda (2002). "Culture wars over feminism: Paglia, Wolf, and Hoff Sommers". Antifeminism and family terrorism: a critical feminist perspective. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 61–62. ISBN 9780742510500.

[ems-6] Schneider, Elizabeth M. (2000). "Beyond victimization and agency". Battered women & feminist lawmaking. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 74–75. ISBN 9780300128932.

[:0-7] Stringer, Rebecca (2014). "Victims left, right and centre: constructing 'victim feminism'". Knowing Victims: Feminism, agency and victim politics in neoliberal times. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. pp. 17–18. ISBN 9781134746019.

[8] Stringer, 페이지 20

[9] Schneider, Elizabeth M. (1993). "Feminism and the False Dichotomy of Victimization and Agency". New York Law School Law Review. 38: 387–399. HeinOnline으로도 사용 가능합니다. 페미니즘

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